Milk Healthy or Not? Essay

Most people drink milk everyday because it has been proven to increase bone strength and also helps slow down bone loss as we age. However, this seemingly harmless drink may be more harmful than it is healthy. Milk and other dairy products are packed with a lot of different nutrients that are essential for human survival and growth. As well as calcium, milk also has protein, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Niacin. The National Dairy Council states that with just one eight ounce glass of milk a day provides the same amount of vitamin D you would get from 3. 5 ounces of salmon and more than 2 ? cups of broccoli. Milk helps build strong bones and teeth where most of the body’s calcium is held. It also improves bone density, which means a lower risk of fractures and osteoporosis. After working out its proven that drinking chocolate milk can increase your results. This is because after you workout, your body is more receptive to using amino acids to repair muscle tissue. It is also beneficial because of its protein content. Dairy products in general carry a lot of calcium, but they might not be the best source. Good, non-dairy sources of calcium include soy milk, beans, and supplements that have calcium and vitamin D. Another good way to get calcium is to eat dark green vegetables; that is how cows get their calcium. High intake of milk and other dairy products can increase the risk of prostate cancer. They can also have high levels of saturated fat and vitamin A, which can actually weaken the bones. Milk from a cow is rich in phosphorous which can potentially fuse with calcium and that can prevent us from absorbing the calcium in the milk. Milk’s protein also quickens calcium emission from the blood through the kidneys. People can also be allergic to dairy products and it is called lactose intolerance. This is because those allergic cannot produce the enzyme lactase essential for digesting dairy. The FDA has just recently approved the use of Bovine Growth Hormones, or BGH, for dairy farmers to increase their cows’ milk production. This is a very bad thing because those hormones go right into the milk. BGH causes an increase in an insulin-like growth factor than can be absorbed directly into our bloodstream. Before I researched this topic I thought the milk was undoubtedly good for us, but now I realize that it may actually be bad for you. You can get all the nutrients that are in milk from other products. There are more factual examples of risks than benefits with people that ingest dairy products than those who do not. After researching this topic I will not drink as much milk as I have in the past. Works Cited Bayer, Jeff. â€Å"Benefits of Chocolate Milk After Your Workout. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 23 Dec. 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. Mercola, Joseph, Dr. â€Å"Don’t Drink Your Milk! † Mercola. com. N. p. , 17 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

Example Exam Paper Essay

In Malaysia, however, the practice has never left the school grounds. Caning has always been legal in Malaysian schools. The Education Ordinance 1957 (Amended 1959) allows corporal punishments, such as caning, to be meted out by school authorities, but only to schoolboys. An Education Ministry directive issued in 1994 listed eight offences that could warrant caning: truancy, involvement in criminal activities, obscene and impolite behaviour, loitering, dishonesty, dirty appearance and vandalism. 5 II A probe on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers, students and administrators conducted by researchers from local universities engaged by the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia revealed the regular use of the cane in schools. What the inquiry found was a gross breach of a child’s rights committed by teachers and administrators alike. In their findings, out of the 5,754 students who participated in the survey, about 52 per cent of the students surveyed agreed that caning commonly happened in their schools. It took place more often in rural schools than urban ones and almost 80 per cent of the cases occurred at technical schools. 10 15 III Understandably, Â  is disheartened by the findings of its study. Commissioner and education working group chairman, Professor Chiam Heng Keng said that while SUHAKAM understands the need to discipline and punish wrongdoers, it maintains that caning is not the best corrective measure. She further added that caning only tells the child to stop whatever he has done. In other words, it does not address the underlying problem. She stressed that teachers must work with parents to get to the root of the problem. In addition, they also revealed that girls were not spared the rod. Almost seven per cent of female respondents from girl schools had reported this. Under the present Child Act 2001, only boys between the ages of 10 and 18 may be subjected to corporal punishment. 30 35 V Last October, the Ministry of Education allowed teachers other than 40 headmasters, principals and those involved in disciplining students to use the cane. The decision followed the rise in cases of assault on teachers and gangsterism in schools. It was recommended that only certain teachers be empowered to cane students. Ideally, they should have at least 10 years of teaching experience and be married with children. 45 VI The secretary-general of the National Union of the Teaching Profession, Lok Yim Pheng, admitted that there are other ways of disciplining a student. These include imposing fines, sending students to detention class and making parents sign a pledge to ensure that their children do not misbehave.

Advantages Disadvantages of electronic commerce

Advantages & Disadvantages of electronic commerce History In the 1970s, the term electronic commerce, referred to electronic data exchange for sending business documents such as purchase orders and voices electronically. Later, with the development of this industry, the term of electronic commerce is used to the business of goods and services via the web. When the first World Wide Web was introduced in 1994 as comprehensive, many well-known researchers have been predicted this type of business the web-based business will become soon important in the world economy, but it took four years that HTTP based protocols should be widely available to users. The first electronic commerce created in the USA and some European countries in 1998. These types of business are formed with beginner and unprofessional websites and it has been expanded rapidly. Electronic commerce was spread rapidly in most cities in America, Europe, and East Asia in 2005. Some say dates of electronic commerce return to prior of the Internet, but due to the costs of this style of business, only business and financial institutions and corporations could use it. But with the widespread use of the Internet to all of the people and change the structure of electronic commerce, this kind of business from the specific business case for a particular group out and became the industrial form. Frameworks Electronic commerce framework is comprised of three levels that this framework is needed to for successful electronic commerce. 1. Infrastructure The first part of the framework for electronic commerce is including hardware, software, databases, and communications. It is used in term of World Wide Web on the Internet or other message switching methods on the Internet or other telecommunication networks. 2. Services The second part of the framework includes a wide range of services that provide the ability to find and present information and are including the search for trading partners, negotiation, and agreements 3. Products and Structures This section of the electronic commerce frameworks consist forecasts and direct provision of goods, services, and trade-related information to customers and business partners, cooperation and sharing of information within and outside the organization and organizing of environment of electronic marketplace and chain of supply and support. Advantages Disadvantages The invention of new telecommunication networks and modern online devices has resulted in a new business. In fact, electronic commerce has become one of the most popular activities on the web. Electronic commerce created many benefits for companies and users, however, some disadvantages and serious problems stem from this issue. We can also sell any time, night or day, 365 days a year. Even while we are resting, our users can visit our website, search our goods, services, and determine their orders. Decrease Transaction Costs If we buy from the online store, we spend low operational cost, we have a better quality of service, and we can cut the many unnecessary costs. For example, if our goods or services downloadable, we will have transport costs completely cancel. Conduct a Business Easily In electronic commerce, we do not need physical company setups or there are not any crowds to deal with. We can buy from our house comfortable; users can easily choose goods from various procedures without moving around physically. Comparison in Prices Everyone can easily compare fees among the various websites. We can usually earn discounts on fees when compared with normal shop fees. Disadvantages Security Security pursues to be the main problem in electronic commerce. Everyone good or bad can easily open a website, and there are many bad sites, which their aim is users money. Guarantee There is no guarantee for product quality. Our orders might be damaged in the post or things may look different online to what you actually receive, for example, slightly different colors and feel of clothes or the freshness of vegetables and fruits. Social Relationships Electronic commerce allows users that buying and selling goods and services without geographic limitations but in this method, we have not any contacts and relationships with other persons and loss our social contacts. Impact Electronic commerce is a new method business that mixes all of the prior methods and transaction styles. Electronic commerce and electronic business have an impact on many districts of business, for instance, economics, marketing, computer science, finance and accounting, production and operation management, management information system, human source management, business law, and ethics. The following are some of the factors describe: Marketing The rise of information technologies and computer networks has many effects in business especially in the field of marketing. Everyone can make markets work more efficiently and they can improve their career with information management within a group. In this case, they can decrease the cost of opera tions and catch new markets and new opportunities for selling and transactions. Economics In the industry world, managers must encourage and conduct employees to devise plans to take advantages of new economic opportunities. Electronic commerce is creating new opportunities for the global economy, for example in the global travel and tourism industry. Transforming from traditional business method to electronic commerce method is hard and there were many different factors for companies to adopt them with electronic commerce factors. For this work, they must use the Internet and many other online networks, because for grow and use from new economic opportunities in each industry it is necessary to be matched with new technologies. Finance and Accounting Two decades of progress in information technology and development of its applications in the field of economic and social to form a new chapter of relations between people, institutions, companies and governments and new concepts are emerging on the literature of economic and trade. Internet as a global network, as well as prerequisite of electronic commerce, for reason flexibility, attractive, ease of use, low-cost access and ubiquity, is changing the traditional business moreover, electronic commerce had a significant impact on finance and accounting that include saving time, disinflation, increase productivity, reduce the demand for money (reduce the cost of publishing) and etc. Production and operation management The outcomes of a managers work, by on-time product qualify productions and with the least cost is determined. For this purpose, the first requirement is the correct information. Electronic commerce is the best way to have the most accurate and correct information for managers because consumers transmit their demands to managers directly

Human Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Psychology - Essay Example As a result, modern psychology is an amalgam of stances, theories and perspective that supplement or contradict each other. Functional psychology or functionalism is a broad psychological school that became popular in the early decades of 20th century. Advocates of functional approach focused on the active (functional) adaptation of human consciousness to the environment (Vandenbos, 2006). Functional psychology relied on the work of William James, a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher, and the evolutionary theory developed of Charles Darwin. The primary concern of functionalists was to understand how the human mind and consciousness functions. Functionalists believed that this could be done via introspection: "Functionalists studied the mind not from the standpoint of its composition-its mental elements of structure-but rather as a conglomerate or accumulation of functions and processes that lead to practical consequences in the real world" (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008, p.145). As a result, functionalists rejected the traditional positivist philosophy of experimental research and advocated the potential of rational thought being concerned with the capability of the mind and practical value of psychological research. The essence of functional psychology was articulated by John Dewey, the brightest representative of functionalism, in his "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896). Dewey criticized the notion of elementarism and atomism that dominated early psychology. His criticism also covered the emerging school of behaviorism with its stimulus-response theory (Dewey, 1964). Although functional psychology failed to become a formal school, the concepts and principles formulated by representatives of this approach contributed greatly to the development of behavioral psychology (Schultz, & Schultz, 2008). An essential contribution of functionalism was recognition of the validity of research involving animals, children and people with psychiatric disabilities. Yet the most important contribution of functionalism to contemporary psychological practice was introduction of novel research methods and techniques such as mental tests, questionnaires and physiological measures (Biro, & Shahan, 1982). T his legacy continues to play critically important role in modern psychological practice. Behaviorism The origins of behaviorist perspective, a theory successfully applied in modern psychological practice can be traced back to John Watson (1878 - 1958) whom was the first theorist to formulate the principles of modern behaviorism. The school of behaviorism embraces hundreds of theories, practices, and trends that have emerged over several decades. However, the underlying feature of any behaviorist theory or concept is the emphasis on external influences on behavior and motivation that are viewed as the most critical aspect of understanding the inner world of human beings. Thus, Wilfred Sellars (1963), an outstanding philosopher of the last century whom witnessed emergence development and decline of behaviorism noted "a person may qualify as a behaviorist, loosely or attitudinally speaking, if they insist on confirming hypotheses about psychological events in terms of behavioral

How the eye is suited for the purpose of converting visible light into Essay - 1

How the eye is suited for the purpose of converting visible light into neural activity and how visual information is then conveyed to the visual cortex - Essay Example The paper will also highlight some of the challenges the eye faces while it performs its functions. The eye’s first adaptation to its interaction with light is referred to as the papillary light reflex. When responding to different levels of light, the rods and cons work independently but back up each other. This modus operandi espouses the eye’s adaptation to dark light.. While the rods are sensitive to light, they have the tendency to take a significant amount of time to adapt to darkness, in this case the rhodopsin, situated in the photoreceptors take full charge through photo bleaching. On the other hand, the regulation of the eye’s sensitivity eye’ s to light is espoused by the changes in the intracellular calcium ions. In order to adapt to light, the eye first adapts to the background so that it is capable of detecting and distinguishing the background objects; the entire process of adaption to light takes a period of approximately five minutes Whenever light is reflected on a surface or remitted from an object, the eye detects the light that first encounters the cornea; from here, it is then focussed to the lens. The lens in turn functions to vary the focus depending on the distance that exists between the eye and the object. The focal adjustment of the light by the lens is called accommodation. The lens alters its shape depending on the distance of the object; for objects that are distant, it elongates, flattens and pulls out whereas for objects that are close by, it only needs to assume its natural round shape for clear vision. The light first passes through the space between the cornea and the lens that is filled with fluid called aqueous humour. It consequently goes through the t pupil ‘s circular aperture that is surrounded by the iris diaphragm muscles prior to going through the lens (Jones, et al 2004). However, the quantity of light that passes through the pupil is determined by the pupil’s diameter a nd still goes ahead to be

Race make you a victim Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Race make you a victim - Assignment Example The very system that is designed to protect and defend has obviously let Lisa down in this situation. In this case, the race of the victim could have played a role in the fact that the police gave little consideration to Lisa’s plight. We know that the average response time for poise to resound to African American victims, for example, is higher than that of victims from predominately White neighborhoods (Gorner & Mac, 2011). We also know from Lisa’s recounting of the event that when the police did finally show up at the scene, they really offered little assistance to the victim. From her own recounting of the incidence, she seems to take this in stride and is used to being the victim and receiving little assistance from those in society who have sworn to serve the community. If this is true, then it is certainly vicious cycle that creates a self-defeating environment amongst minority groups where they begin to feel that they are simply left to endure certain hardships in life because of their race, It is neither right nor proper, yet it appears to be the direction tha t society has headed for quite some time now. In addition, while culprits of hit and run accidents may not take race into consideration when deciding to flee the scene of the accident, the very reality that minority victims receive less attention from the policy may quite likely play a role in their split second decision. It could be viewed as a high likelihood that they will never be caught simply because of who the victim is, so they see little incentive in doing the right thing, stopping, and taking ownership for the accident that they caused. This speaks to the reality that African Americans and Latino in the United States are more likely to be victimized than are Whites (Truman, 2011). Because of this, people like Lisa are less likely to pursue their case because they view that the

Future of more energy efficient planes Research Paper

Future of more energy efficient planes - Research Paper Example (Coogan 41) The robust demand for commercial and air transport drives the current intensive research and development of energy efficient planes. As a matter of fact, the modern aircraft today has decreased in energy consumption significantly compared to old planes. According to Ngo and Natowtiz, with occupancy rates on the order of 70-80% the fuel consumption of recently built planes is on the order of 5L/100 km per passenger and that this means flying over a given distance as about the same in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions per passenger as driving the same distance with a car. (333) It must be underscored that technological innovations in the history of mankind, especially in the area of transportations, has been less energy efficient than the technology it replaced. In this regard, the use of supersonic air transport could reverse the trend for air transport. The engine of these supersonic jets are expected to beat all other current aircrafts in the area of energy efficiency because its technological designs optimize such items as fuel/air mixture, engine temperature and airflow velocities. (Siuru 155) A future supersonic transport could travel at speeds of Mach 2.7, making a trip from Los Angeles to Tokyo in a little over three hours. (Siuru 155) Some market projections anticipate a fleet of some 300 to 1,200 commercial supersonic jets in service in the next 10-30 years. Another interesting area in the supersonic jet technology, which makes it the most energy efficient aircraft of the future, is the so-called oblique-wing airliner concept. It supposedly eliminates the conventional fuselage by having passengers ride inside the wing. Siuru pointed to the computations that show how an oblique-wing airliner could fly at Mach 1.6, twice the speed of the Boeing 747, while consuming no more than a subsonic jumbo jet. Here, the level of fuel efficiency is achieved through the oblique wing’s very high lift-to-drag ratio and, subsequently,

Scene analysis of the movie Making of an American Citizen Review

Scene analysis of the Making of an American Citizen - Movie Review Example It is important to understand and analyze one of the scenes that capture the feministic nature of Blache’s work. The scene that will be analyzed is titled, In The Land of Freedom, His First Lesson in Americanism. The Scene like the rest of the film is a silent film in black and white. The scene and the whole film is accompanied by instrumental music and the sound of the violin can be easily heard. This helps in creating a dramatic feel of the film. The first shot of the camera is a still shot on a busy street with people moving up and down. The Camera is very near to the people on focus that the ratio of the shot is nearly equal to the view. The objects of focus are captured in full view and they can be seen to be very near the camera. The camera pans and the shot focus on Ivan Orloff and his wife who is carrying a huge sack while Ivan walks admiring the new environment. The camera pans horizontally to show Ivan holding a stick while pushing his wife like a mule amidst the cro wd that stares at him. The next camera shot is a still shot which shows Orloff and his wife getting lost in the crowd behind the camera. The camera turns its focus to the other people who are better dressed with their wives while at the same time, their wives are shown to be happy and walking hand in hand with the husbands. The camera remains still as the people move across it with the aspect ratio of the shot being normal. There is a cut in the scene and the next shot shows Ivan Orloff with his wife on a dockyuard. The wife is shown to be tired as she drops the sack she had been carrying on the ground. Ivan is shown to abuse his wife as he raises the whip to beat her like a mule. In the background of the shot, a steam or ship passes across the focus of the shot. The distance between the camera and the objects of focus is a bit more compared to the previous shots. As he pokes the stick on his wife, the focus of the camera captures the moment while the steamboat passes in the backgro und. A well-clad gentleman walks and stops Ivan from tormenting his wife. The camera slightly pans from the right to the left to capture the whole scene. The gentleman is an American and he is wearing a suit which makes the distinction between Ivan’s ruffian look and behavior and that of an American citizen. The focus of the camera remains on the three objects with the background clear. The American gentleman is shown to be talking and convincing Ivan not to treat his wife like a mule. The shot concentrates on the three as the gentleman offers a helping hand to the Ivan’s wife. He then lifts the sack and gives it to Ivan to carry. Ivan is reluctant while he tries to imply that his wife should carry the load. After more convincing, the focus shows Ivan accepting to carry the load while his wife is given the stick, which Ivan had been using to treat her like a mule. The wife is also shown to be reluctant to take the stick but she is forced by the American gentleman to us e the stick to drive Ivan in front. The scene is cut with Ivan and his wife being pushed to walk away with the interchanged roles. The neighbors are shocked to see Ivan in the next shot carrying the sack while entering the building. Blache uses still and slightly panned shots in the scene to enable her create an effective and artistic production. The Scene helps to show how a ruffian is taught several lessons on adapting to

Steroids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steroids - Essay Example Steroids are not magic pills that produce the desired effects instantly. The truth is that they work only when the user observes certain lifestyles such as consistent physical exercise, healthy diet, and effective sleep schedules (Sterngass 32). Another common misconception is that injection steroids are safer than oral steroids. Safety is an important issue with all classes and types of steroids. Injection steroids do have side effects such as hair loss and acne that are also found in oral steroids. There are many who believe that women do not use steroids. On the contrary, there have been studies that have observed significant numbers of women who use steroids. Skewed body image, self-defense, bodybuilding, and athletics are all reasons that cause women to use steroids. However, there is strong evidence that more men use steroids than women do (Sterngass 33). Anabolic steroids are one commonly known type of steroids. Primarily, anabolic steroids are meant to reduce the breakdown of testosterone and maximize its ability to build tissues. Clenbuterol is an example of anabolic steroids commonly used by bodybuilders and athletes. This anabolic steroid helps in the shedding of body fats and weight loss. Anabolic steroids can be taken either through intramuscular injection or orally. Commentators observe that beginners in steroid use are the ones who prefer to take steroids orally. Oral intake of anabolic steroids has higher chances of side effects than injection (Sterngass 34). There are growth hormone steroids such as hGH (Human growth hormone) that imitates a hormone produced in the brain. Growth hormone steroids have been used to accelerate height growth in short children and increase the strength of the elderly. Most growth hormone steroids increase muscle mass, fat breakdown for energy and enhance musculoskeletal injury healing. Another type of steroids is erythropoietin that helps athletics endure the impact and improve performance. An example of

Case Study on Business Strategy in the Australian Solar Energy Essay

Case Study on Business Strategy in the Australian Solar Energy Industry - Essay Example Appropriately enough most cutting edge research on implementing solar energy solutions is also being carried out in Australia. Various new companies and old ventures have begun to frequent the Australian solar energy market. CBD Energy is one such company with a two decades old history in the alternative energy industry. (ASX, 2011) This text will attempt to analyse the internal strengths and weaknesses possessed by CBD Energy that will enable it to deal with the solar energy industry effectively. 2. Analysis of the firm's internal resources and/or capabilities Competitive Advantage CBD Energy possesses significant competitive advantages against its competition within the Australian market. CBD is strongly connected to international global renewable companies such as Datang, SOLON, Tianwei and Oelmaier Technologies which ensure that technological access and supply are always available. This is essential as the global solar energy products manufacturing industry is finding itself unde r increased pressure to fulfil customer orders due to inflated demand. Moreover CBD has begun to assemble solar inverters as of January 2011 and had produced 500 units by February 2011 while annual projections put the figure at 20,000 units. This will ensure that CBD has alternative revenue streams in place as well and this will also ensure that CBD has critical components available at its disposal in required quantities at all times. Another significant advantage displayed by CBD is its ability to assemble key components for PV installations on rooftops. Most other companies in the Australian solar industry market do not have the requisite expertise as yet. This aids in reducing input costs, getting government tenders as these products are made in Australia and ensure timely access to required components. The recent opening of an office in China will enhance CBD’s manufacturing standing and will aid its efforts to manage outsourced components. (CBD Energy, 2011a) Consequentl y the lowered prices will encourage a new wave of buyers to invest in solar technology as it becomes more affordable for individual family units. Analysis of Resources Resources Indicators Financial Share value has been unsteady for the last fiscal year; Investors and speculators are pulling out. Organisational Employees are well paid. Physical Company is expanding its manufacturing and servicing capabilities. Technological Company’s resources are being updated continuously with new installations; Continuous improvement in products and services is underway. Human The management team is composed of experts from respective fields. Innovation New methods are being developed for servicing and installations. Reputation Sales are going up indicating developing market reputation. CBD is presenting a mixed picture in terms of its key resources. In terms of its financial resources, the share value of the company has been declining steadily (ASX, 2011) over the entire year (see Appendi x â€Å"A†). While some pressure may be attributed to a low performing stock exchange market but a major reason is the removal of accrued profits to support business expansion. Traded volumes have also remained low. Various speculators and investors are also pulling their stock out of the company although the key investors are still in place (see Appendix â€Å"

Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome, Self-esteem, and Gender Essay Example for Free

Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome, Self-esteem, and Gender Essay Introduction and Statement of the Problem Life is a continuous process of change and evolution. The only thing constant in this world is change. In order for an individual to grow, he needs to make a sound decision about the changes that he is going to adapt. In life one could not avoid having bad experiences. It is part of growing up and there are also some benefits that one could get from a bad experience; learning what went wrong and avoiding the occurrence of it in the future. However, the way an individual cope up with bad experiences differ from one another. There is no exact formula on how unlikable situations should be handled. There are some who are able to come out of it better but there are some who are being hunted by it. When one tries to suppress his feelings and not let others see what they are truly feeling, sometimes this bottled up emotions causes stress. Flashbacks are memories that we try to hide away. These are like bombs that when are lit up, creates vivid scenario of the emotions that one is trying to avoid. Some are unable to handle it this the lack of control of their emotion leads to different kinds of emotional disorder and one this will be the post-traumatic stress disorder. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a term that first appeared in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The development of the concept was said to be with socio economic and political implications as to veterans of war. PTSD is one of the psychiatric diagnoses in which a veteran could accept medical compensation. The diagnosis is highly controversial because of the strong connection with compensation seeking behavior and efforts and the uncertainty about the affect of this on objective diagnosis of those who may have been subjected to trauma (Wikipedia, 2006). Stress theory has defined post traumatic disorder as imbalance of chemicals within the neurotransmitters (Wikipedia, 2006). However not everyone who have suffered painful event could be said to have acquired a post traumatic stress syndrome. There are criteria set and look on by clinical psychologist before one could be diagnosed to have one. Examples of the behaviors that should be manifested by a victim would be constant flashback of the tragic or unwanted event, feelings of detachment, insomnia, exaggerated startled response and difficulty in concentrating (Morgan, 1996). Nowadays the term is associated with any anxiety disorder brought about by flood, earthquake, plane crash, rape, assault, accident, fire or any devastating event that could trigger emotional imbalance. Anyone could suffer from PTSD but the most vulnerable are the young and aged because of their less ability to cope with trauma. A recent survey concluded regarding those who suffered from severe burns, 80% of young children experience post traumatic stress 2-3 years after as compared to the 30% of adults. In the United States, it said that 12% of women and 6% of men of experience PTSD sometimes in the course of their lives. The most cases for women are about sexual molestations and about combat war duty for men (Morgan, 1996). A flashback does not only occur to those with emotional problems but also those that are healthy. The number of occurrence and the intensity of the effect of flashback have an effect for it to be called as an abnormal one. It shakes the mind to its core like the experience of an earthquake. They might be parallel to an epileptic seizure wherein there is no telling when it will occur in a person. It could be attributed in a total chaos felt by an individual that may make his head hurt and have his emotion in total chaos. In such a situation, the subject feels depressed and afraid. He or she feels confused, disassociated from reality and suffers from obsessive thoughts centered on the endless effort of easing the fear (Saito, 2006). This results to the person being in a continuous state of fear, worry and anxiousness. These flashbacks trigger more problems in an individual regarding how he interacts in his present situation. There are times that even if an individual diagnosed with post traumatic disorder is said to be clinically healed, there are still instances that flashbacks will plagued him. The difference though will be in the intensity and since a person is said to be clinically healed from post traumatic stress disorder, he knows how to handle and react when situations like this arises (Saito, 2006). Separation by parent could also have a major negative impact on the emotions of children. Domestic violence is a problem in society that is hard to eradicate. This kind of violence also causes trauma. The effect of depression that a child undergoes because of witnessing domestic violence was look upon. Gender differences in self esteem of forty five school children who are within the elementary grade was analyzed for the study. In this study the result shows that boys who have witness domestic violence have lower self esteem than the girls (Reynolds et al, 2001). Bigger percentage of those that were diagnosed with post traumatic stress syndrome is the children. They lack the proper experiences and they are unable to defend themselves when a bad situation arises. They still don’t know how to handle their emotions; they still lack the necessary skills to cope with the stress brought about by a bad incident in their lives. Social Learning Theory formulated by Bandura explains that learning is done by an individual through modeling a behavior that one gets from the environment. Observational language as proposed by this theory encompasses four important components; attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation. This theory has been widely use in the study of psychological disorder and behavior modification. Social learning theory has also been use by some social scientist regarding the relationship between self confidence and the learning process of an individual (Ormrod, 1999). When a person is overly exposed in a negative situation, this triggers an imbalance in his emotions. One quality for a person to be diagnosed with post traumatic stress syndrome will be the feeling of detachment and exaggerated response when startled.   Detachment could be defined as the lack of enthusiasm or a very low motivation about interacting with peers or with the environment. Thus there could be relationship between self-esteem of a child and post traumatic stress syndrome. Self-esteem will be how one person looks at himself; his view about his worth and the qualities that he can offer the world. The feeling of detachment has something to do with the level of self-esteem that a child has. The relationship between self-esteem and post traumatic stress disorder will be look on. This could help parents or guardians, and school administrators in checking the status of the children and thus they could employ a way to help, if it is needed. Since children are still unable to establish their personalities, they are the likely candidate for post-traumatic stress disorder. This study will try to examine the relation of having a post traumatic stress syndrome with the gender of a child. They say that women are more emotional than men; this will hold true for adult individuals but how about for a child who has not yet have the necessary emotions to build his personality, there might be a different case thus a different approach to healing should be employed. Statement of the problem The relation of gender to post traumatic stress disorder will be analyzed. The sample will be middle school children. The study will try to check what gender of a child the most needed help to overcome or avoid post traumatic stress syndrome. The relationship between these variables will be analyzed and recorded to check the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder. How it affects children ages ten to twelve years old will also be look upon. A survey will be utilized to administer the test. The result will be analyzed using regression coefficient test. Research Questions and Hypotheses Hypotheses Self Esteem: H1: There is a relationship between self esteem and PTSD symptoms. Ho: There is no relationship between self esteem and levels of PTSD. Gender: H1: There is a relationship between symptoms of PTSD and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between gender and levels of PTSD Research Question Research Aim: The aim of this research is to show a relationship between self-esteem and gender with level of post traumatic stress disorder that a child experiences. Theoretical construct to be employed will be of social learning theory. The survey from will have questions that are directed will be directed not only with the children but also with the teachers, guardians, parents and friends of the target population that has been said to have experience a traumatic incident and have been diagnosed with a post traumatic stress disorder. Sample Research Question: The names and other personal information regarding the participants will be withheld for their protection. The personal information that will be obtained from them will be their age and gender. Have your child experience a traumatic event in your life? What kind of traumatic event have you been exposed to? When did you experience this traumatic event? How many times do you think you have been exposed to traumatic events? Have you been experiencing constant uncontrollable shaking or heart palpitations? Have you had clinical diagnosis and treatment after the traumatic experience? Did this traumatic event made you change how you deal with other people? Do you find it easy to trust other people now? Are you having problem sleeping at night? Are you having recurrent flashback of the traumatic event that you have experienced? Are you having problems relating your emotions to other people? Did you have problem eating after the painful experience that you have encountered? Do you think your family is giving you enough support in healing the painful experience that you have? Rate your confidence within yourself regarding your emotional capabilities. One being the lowest and ten being the highest. Are you able to focus well on your tasks in school? Do you think you have many or just few friends? Do you think your peers understand you? Are you satisfied with your current status regarding your studies? Are you satisfied with your current status regarding your family? Are you confident about your future, that you will have a good one? Are you able to share the traumatic experience that you have encountered with your friends or family members? How many months before you had felt better after the traumatic event? Definitions of Theoretical Constructs Traumatic events will be defined as an experience that an individual had that causes him to feel emotional disturbances like horror, helplessness and a sense of disrupt equilibrium. Traumatic events could also be marked by an injury to the victim. The injury may be emotional or physical. Some say that a person may be suffering from post traumatic stress disorder if the person’s emotional status will not get better after three months after the incident. This is the threshold month before a person could be said to have an emotional disturbance (CDC, 2005). Self esteem will be the level of confidence that a child has regarding how he can achieve things. This will also be related to how a child interacts with his peers, friends and family members. Self esteem is also how a child sees himself, if he thinks he has good physical attributes, as well as emotional and mental capabilities. Gender is another term for the sexuality of a human being. There will only be two distinction regarding the sexuality of human beings, that will be a person could only be a male or a female. The physical attribute of the person will be the basis for sexuality and not the emotional preference of the child. Social learning theory focuses on how an individual relates to his environment. The way an individual response to different stimuli that has been presented has something to do with the motivations and degree of attention that the person gives to the specific stimuli that has been presented to him. This theory has been employed to better understand aggression and concept of self worth by some individuals. This would be how one sees their worth despite the odds and how they define themselves according to what they have experience. Post traumatic stress disorder is an emotional disturbances cause by negative stimulus that an individual experiences within his environment. Sometimes, too much exposure to this negative stimulus causes a disruption of equilibrium and sometimes the individual will have problem regarding the distinction of what society perceives as right and wrong. Emotional stress might have an affect on the cognitive aspect of an individual. People surrounding an individual who has experience post traumatic stress disorder should keep in mind that they have to help in creating a balance again in the lives of the victims; this could be done by being aware that they need attention and motivation. This could help in making sure that the victim will heal and that his future will not be jeopardize because of a mistake that has harmed him when he was still a child. That is why in the study; those surrounding the children, like teachers, guardians and parents will also be interviewed. The interview with them aims to create an awareness regarding what post traumatic stress disorder is and makes them think about how to help create a better environment for the victims of traumatic events. Research Design A random sample of fifty children age 10-12 will be the target population for the study. The sample will be obtained from three different local schools within the state. Teachers and parents will be interviewed first to check those students who could be use for the sampling. They should be those students who have witness or experience a traumatic event in their life. They may or may not be diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder. The school record of those who will answer the survey will also be checked to. A survey format questionnaire will be given the random sample of fifty children. Ratio of the number of male and female population will also be recorded. The statistical test that will be use to interpret the survey will be regression coefficient of beta and the statistical measure will employ the F test or F equals t-squared. Ancova will be the program to be use to help diagnose the coefficients of the result of the survey. Contributions Self-concept on the other hand for me is a person’s ability to relate them to what they are trying to learn. This means having a clear notion of how one could learn not only by the aid of mentors but also on how we would help ourselves to learn new concepts that are being presented to us. In life there will be instances that a person’s self concept may be put into jeopardize when a person, specially a child, experiences a traumatic event in his life. There could problems regarding how he will interpret the new things that are being presented to him after the traumatic event. A better understanding of what a child goes through after a painful experience will help understand the trauma and stress that is being experienced. This could aid on the right approach that should be employed to make sure that the emotional and intellectual growth of a child is not hampered but he was able to learn and get the lesson in the bad thing that has happened to him. This could also help parents, teachers and guardians by having a correct awareness about post traumatic stress disorder and its effect to their children. It is hoping that after those surrounding the child who is a victim of a traumatic event; they will do the necessary assessment and intervention needed to create an equilibrium within the victim’s emotions. That since they will have better understanding, they will have greater patience to the child if it is showing negative attitudes because of their traumatic experience. That they will give him more motivation to heal himself from the pain that he is experiencing. Life is never easy, painful experiences are part of one’s life but proper knowledge on how to handle these pains will be beneficial on coping with changes and making sure that children grow up healthy, physically and mentally. Reference: Department of Heath and Human Services. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2005). Coping with a Traumatic Event. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/copingpub.asp Elklit, A. (2002). Victimization and PTSD in a Danish National Youth Probability Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 41(2):174-181, February 2002. Lippincott Williams Wilkins Kurtz, Linda. (1995). A Coping Processes and Behavioral Outcomes in Children of Divorce . University of Alberta. Canadian Journal of School Psychology .Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 1995. Morgan, Barbara J. (1996). Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. p343. Guide to Medical Cures and Treatments, The Reader’s Digest Association Inc. Pleasantville New York, Montreal. Motta, Robert. (1995). Childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Schools. Hofstra University. Canadian Journal of School Psychology .Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 1995. Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Reynolds et al. (2001). The relationship between gender, depression, and self-esteem in children who have witnessed domestic violence. Loyola College of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. MedLine Publication. Saito. (2006). The Best Way to Cure Anxiety Disorder. Saito Therapy. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from http://healmind.com/saitotherapy/flbgraphstt.htm Wikipedia. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Retrieved September 26, 2006 from . http://www.answers.com/topic/post-traumatic stress disorder.

Exploration of a Surrealist theme Essay Example for Free

Exploration of a Surrealist theme Essay Jonathan Safran Foers first novel Everything is Illuminated is yet another artistic interpretation of reliving the memory of the Holocaust – which to younger generations of men and women over the world has moved into the domain of folklore and history, progressing from the living memory of people of yesteryears. In assessing the surrealistic component of his work, we would first define surrealism as an art form and how it has played an important role in modern literature and movies first. Although surrealism as a movement started in 1924, it still influences artists, writers and critics even to this day. At its core, surrealism taps into our unconscious through powerful symbols and abstractions, and according to the author of the book The Surrealist Manifesto Andre Breton(1924), surrealist writers express the passage of actual functioning of thought rather than describing thought itself. The tool that Foer uses in his work is automatic writing which is essentially a popular surrealist tool according to Breton, which implies writing without thinking. This aimed to break down the barriers between the conscious and subconscious, thus providing a clearer picture of the actual awareness and mental processes of the writer. There are numerous elements of Foers work in Everything is Illuminated which is unmistakably surrealistic, and exposes the automatic writing process that Foer employs. In a way this is a new angle way to explore the Holocaust as Alex Perchov, the naive Ukrainian translator writes letters to Foer in a stylized Russo-English tone that reads : It is mammoth honor for me write for a writer, especially when he is American writer, like Ernest Hemingway; or It is bad and popular habit for people in Ukraine to take things without asking are the norm. Interspersed with these letters are the fragments of the real novel by Foer which he exchanges with Alex the interpreter, which describes in a real yet magical account of Foers imagined life in the Shetl, where his grandfather came from, before the Nazis destroyed it completely. An important surrealist theme is this interface between reality deconstructed through Jonathan Foers journey as he traces his familys connections to Trachimbrod ( a fictional representation of the real town Tachenrod) between 1791 and 1942. There are clearly absurd situations and unique personalities and fascinating philosophies depicted in the process, which bring out the intended surrealism. In Chapter two, The Beginning of the world Never Comes, like all traditional Jewish stories it opens with a conditional : Trachim Bs double-axle wagon either did or did not pin him against the bottom of the Brod River. The wagon may or may not have belonged to Trachim, and in truth he may or may not have been killed. This implicit ambiguity and uncertainty is a dominant surreal element – nothing is ever sure when it comes to Trachimrod, and the legend surrounding Trachim who is the real source of the lore. But as a good story is better than no story at all, and Everything is Illminated explores the interface between fact and fiction all along, with the boundaries often merged. To this end, it is a unique narrative art form applied to the pre-history of the Holocaust as someone from a succeeding generation explores its quasi-magical communal origins, now lost. Returning to the theme of automatic writing, much of Alexs perspective as it is presented does not have any line breaks or any semblance of literary organization : They burned the synagogue. They burned the synagogue. That was the first thing they did. That was first. Then they made all of the men in lines' (P. 185). While Alex is literally translating the old womans narrative about the Nazi atrocities, he gives us the surreal impression that he is not lifting his pen from paper as he records a continuous stream of thought. The repetitions reinforce the thought process turning gradually somber and dark, as the novel progresses from its earlier light-hearted beginnings. Towards the end of the novel, it becomes an established theme as the thought process sounds incoherent at times depicting the grim reality of the situation. For instance, when the Nazis march through Kolki, Alex records : It was not forever before he was the only Jew remaining outside of the synagogue the General was now in the second row and said to a man because he only asked men I do not know why who is a Jew and the man said they are all in the synagogue because he did not know Herschel or did not know that Herschel was a Jew (Page 250). Putting no punctuation in this section, as if to rush through the stream of thought is an attempt to get the reader to focus on the text, despite any obvious demarcation between the sentences, as a literary device to bring out the angst and anxiety in the Grandfather as he barely manages to move from one thought to another. The tragedy of the situation, as exemplified by this method of automatic writing, is very distinct from a comprehensively described historical narrative which has been the norm of many historical novels depicting the terror that the Nazis perpetrated. As a surrealist literary tool, this is powerful in evoking subconscious patterns of the mind. Under pressure or fear, as our mind gets cluttered, it gets entwined with the deepest physiological motives of fight or flight – as the mind just processes the bare facts, repeats those which are essential to deconstruct the crucial elements that separate life and death, the bare essentials so to speak. Even love is under strain under such circumstances, and the literary tool of automatic writing that Jonathan Foer uses does not stop at simply removing line breaks and punctuation, he even obliterates the spaces between the words, often repeating them in succession, to bring out the flow and rush of emotion and thoughts. Without stopping to think what he is writing, as if it is a work-in-progress, Foer also introduces the idea of temporality, or the passage of time in his writing. This example of the Grandfathers narrative brings out the idea of a powerful flow : I looked at Grandmother and shekissedmeontheforehead and I kissedheronthemouth and our tearsmixedonourlips and then I kissedyourfather many times I secured him from Grandmothers arms and Iheldhimwithmuchforce so much that he started crying I said I love you I love you I love you I love you I loveyou I loveyou I loveyou I loveyou Iloveyou (Page 250). The use of these new works, cluttered and jumbled, bring out the inherent tragedy of the situation powerfully, as the readers are almost compelled to think outside their normal sphere of reasoning as to why this cluttering has been left unedited in the book. This crazy, quilted patchwork of writing styles that Foer has created perfectly suits the backdrop of the Holocaust, and the use of words like Iloveyou and tearsmixedonourlips seem to express the sentiment that conventional use of English words is inadequate to express the pathos and poignancy of the moment. The presentation of the text itself in Everything is illuminated is another example of surrealistic techniques used in the book. A vivid example is provided in the Book of Antecedents, where after the last entry on Brods list of 613 sadnesses (page 212), the text continues : we are writing†¦ we are writing †¦we are writing for a full one and a half pages. While critics may interpret this somewhat idiosyncratic use as monotonous text in many ways, there is a surrealist explanation that appears plausible. Throughout the interplay of facts, myths and legends seen in Everything is illuminated this was one place in the novel where the reader is powerfully reminded that after all, this is a written piece of work, where writing can be a monotonous activity, when writers have to put pens on papers (or hammer at typewriter keyboards) as part of a daily routine to capture their thought flow. Artistically, this is the equivalent of a painter including a picture of his paintbrushes within a landscape or still portrait to convey the message that it should be interpreted as a work of art, as the artists own rendition of reality. The use of periods to leave out large portions of text is used by Foer in other instances as well, notably towards the end, between the section describing Trachimday and the dream of the end of the world. (pg 272). This was celebration, unmitigated by imminent death. They stayed Without actually describing the bombing of Trachimbrod, Foer powerfully describes the emptiness and tragedy of the impending bombing, as the residents prepared for it stoically, and when the bombing took place they fled the city. These long spaces are the surrealist equivalent of time being frozen, as thought flowed in slow motion. Without adequately expressing the details of the bombing these mental spaces indicate Foers deliberate style of a work-in-progress, as if he intended to fill in these spaces later. In another sense, this surrealistic theme implies the overall mission of the story, as a few characters set out to discover something far bigger than themselves. This surrealist element of describing the function of thought as defined by Breton is evident through out the novel, often with the deliberate misuse of words, as is an artificially distorted surrealist artwork aiming to describe the process rather than reaching literary perfection. For instance, Alex, whose English is not very good confessedly has a thesaurus by his side when writing and picks out inappropriate word alternatives as evident form this line : I have girdled in the envelope the items you inquired, not withholding postcards of Lutsk, the census ledgers of the six villages from before the war, and the photographs you had me keep for cautious purposes†¦ I must eat a slice of humble pie for what occurred to you on the train. I know how momentous the box was for you, for both of us, and how its ingredients were not exchangeable†¦. (Page 23) The inept use of thesaurus-derived synonyms and clumsy phrases remain an important part of the book, as well as the film directed by Liev Schreiber (Carlson 2006) as Alex explains that his friends find his full name Alexander â€Å"more flaccid to utter†. Again in leaving Alexs letters unedited, it is an attempt to depicts the process by which Alex himself matures throughout the book as a researcher and writer, as his initial efforts to prove that he is knowledgeable in English is a surrealistic statement about setting out on the journey to self-discovery through learning. As Alex best describes this process at the end â€Å"Everything is illuminated in the light of the past, which is inside us looking out,† (Carlson 2006) this book is about deconstructing the past using a surrealist technique. Reference Breton, Andre (1924) Le Manifeste du Surrealisme. Translated to English in : Patrick Waldberg, Surrealism (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), pp. 66-75. Carlson, Daniel (2006) Extremely Loud and Incredibly Decent. Pajiba 2006. Retrieved from the Internet on 15 March, 2008 from : http://www. pajiba. com/everything-is-illuminated. htm

The Alarming Increase In Earths Temperature Environmental Sciences Essay

The Alarming Increase In Earths Temperature Environmental Sciences Essay These days every one agrees upon the fact that there is something strange and worrying happening to the atmosphere. Climate change and global warming are issues which are concerned with every individual living around the globe. Almost each and every individual is affected by the change in climatic conditions and alarming increase in earths temperature.. Literature review Definitions Climate change refers to a change in earths weather which includes the change in global temperature, wind patterns, and rainfall. The green house effect is considered a major reason for climate change. The green house effect is a phenomenon which describes the earth as a green house made up of glass which allows light of the sun to enter but then traps it, preventing it from escaping. A green house is a structure made up of glass used for commercial purposes such as producing off season vegetables, plants and flowers. The glass walls traps the radiation in it and does not allow them to escape. This makes the green house warmer which provides optimum temperature for plants even during winters. The same process occurs in the earths atmospheric layer. The green house gases acts like the roof of a green house. During day time the earths surface absorbs sunlight and gets warmer, at night the earths surface reradiates the heat back into the atmosphere but some of the heat still remains in the earths system due to the absorption by green house gases. The earth depicts such a behavior due to the presence of green house gases (GHG) in the earths atmospheric layer. GHGs include carbon dioxide, water vapors, methane, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. How ever the contrary is the concept of global dimming which occurs due to change in the characteristics of clouds due to pollutant particles. As the clouds become more reflecting most of the heat from the sun is then reflected back which causes a cooling effect The Debate The climate debate has become the hottest debate during the last years. The debate between the experts whether to regulate harmful emissions or not has given rise to regulatory uncertainty which intern has even worsen the situation. The industries involved in mining activities, power plants, and automobile are putting a lot of stress on the environment. Every year they are adding up millions of tons of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide and heavy metals in the environment. With proper control regulations on these plants climate change can be significantly decreased. Due to uneven regulations and no tribal emission limits the process of installation of pollution controls power plants are slowing down. In this regard few environmentalists in order to achieve their long term climate policy goals are actually ignoring short-term health and environmental benefits. When it comes to pollution controls, they cost a lot to install and thus their feasibility can only be justified when they are applied only to coal fired power plants so that the costs could be recovered due to their larger operations. The specifics of the climate change regulations are not known and therefore the utilities are unable to decide when these pollution controls should be installed. Unfortunately there are no add-on control technologies which could prove helpful in removing the green house gases from power plant emissions. But the emissions of SOx and NOx can be controlled by add-on pollution control technologies. The SOx and NOx are considered more injurious to health than the green house gases. However the global temperature increase is an attention worthy issue which is mainly caused by green house gases. The issue of climate change and global warming has gained geopolitical importance in the recent years. It refers to an overall increase in average global temperature. Anthropogenic processes and natural events are simultaneously contributing towards global warming. The green house effect which is caused by increasing concentration of Green house gases such as Carbon Dioxide, CFCs, water vapors, oxides of nitrogen and methane mainly is responsible for retaining heat in the atmosphere. Some of the radiations reaching the earths thermal infrared range are absorbed by the Green house gases and rest are reradiated or emitted back in the environment. In short Green house gases prevent the escape of heat from the earths environment; rather they are reflected back resulting in an increase in global temperature. The key indicators representing climate change published by NASA (National aeronautics and space administration) are as under. 1. Rise in sea level 2. Increase in carbon dioxide concentration 3. Declining Arctic sea ice 4. Shrinking ice sheets 5. Global temperature rise 6. Warming oceans 7. Glacial retreat 8. Ocean acidification Some Opposing view in climate change debate: A number of scientists oppose the mainstream, scientific assessment of global warming. They are of the view that first the idea of global warming does not exist and if there is such thing then it is not caused by human activities rather it is happening as a part of natural processes. The two main scientific claims of the IPCC are the claim that the globe is warming and Increases in carbon dioxide emissions are responsible. Evidence for both of these claims is fatally flawed (Gray, 2008) Dr Gray further clarifies his point of view by addressing the graphs which shows that the mean annual temperature of the globe is increasing. He denies that the practice of measuring the average global temperature of any part of the world has ever been done so how could we make it a reference point. Experts of the United Nations in regular reports publish data said to show that the earth is approaching a catastrophic global warming, caused by increasing emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. However, observations of the sun show that as for the increase in temperature, carbon dioxide is not guilty and as for what lies ahead in the upcoming decades, it is not catastrophic warming, but a global, and very prolonged, temperature drop. (Abdussamatov, 2009) Habibullo is of the believe that the global warming is due to a gradual increase in the activities of the sun and carbon dioxide should not be considered as an agent for causing global warming. The global scenario of peace, development and prosperity is changing. Furthermore climate change can result in depletion of food and water supplies it can give rise to conflicts and even destabilize societies and government. The recent climate change trend is more significant for us because it is anticipated mostly by human activities. The increased levels of green house gases are making the earth warmer. Carbon dioxide and other gases are known for their heat-trapping nature. Instead of escaping into space the infrared radiations from the sun are trapped by green house gases in the result they remain in earths system. Burning of fossil fuels by humans causes carbon dioxide to release in the environment. Furthermore methane is produced from agriculture activities in rice fields. Live stock also contributes to it as fermentation of manure generated methane. CFCs are generated from refrigerators and aerosols. The global warming and melting of land ice causes thermal expansion of sea water. The glaciers around the globe are melting causing an increase in the global sea level. The increase in sea level will accelerate in the upcoming years because of increase in global warming. Two weeks ago, I visited Arctic I saw the remains of a glacier that just a few years ago was a majestic mass of ice. The Arctic could be virtually ice free-by 2030 (Ban KI-moon) Global warming is not only affecting the environment, it has direct adverse effects on humans, animals and plants. From Natural habitats of wild life to mangrove forests which are breeding ground of fishes all are getting affected by it. The oxides of nitrogen and sulfur which are present in the atmospheric layers of gases react with rain water and produce acid rain. The acid rain is corrosive and it not only contaminates water bodies but it also destroys marble buildings and sculptures. According to NASA Global climate change causes a shift in animal and plant ranges and also causes tress to flower sooner. All the predictions which were made by the scientists regarding climate change are proving true. The future effect of climate change includes more frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions, and an increase in number, duration and intensity of tropical storms. Some of the future trends adapted from inter governmental panel on climate change (IPCC) are as under: Contraction of snow cover areas, increased thaw in permafrost regions, decrease in sea ice content. Increased frequency of hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation. Increase in tropical cyclone intensity. Precipitation increases in high altitudes. Precipitation decreases in subtropical land regions. Decreased water resources in many semi-arid areas. Discussion Lack of regulations, regulatory uncertainty and lack of interest regarding environmental issues amongst the inhabitants specially belonging to under developing countries is making this issue even worsen. The economic crush which is prevailing throughout the world has negatively affected the priority of this important issue , where everyone is struggling for making their bread and butter and to full fill the basic necessities of life. In this type of situation people are not ready to use their assets, efforts on addressing this issue. Experts on the other hand are aware of the importance of the issue. They are observing the ice melting on the glaciers with a rapid pace. The sea level around the globe is rising increasing the risks of some major floods. It is expected that sea levels will rise by over 40 cm by the 2080s .Infect though with a slow pace the earths landscape as a whole is changing. The dry part (land) is continuously shrinking disturbing the natural habitats of a number of wild lifes species. With the passage of time wildlife animals undergoes evolution in order to make them selves compatible with the outside environment. The evolution leads to the concept of the survival of the fittest. The one which lacks behind the race have to face extinction. Human population is also affected by the climate change in the very same way .The year 1998 was the warmest year globally since data collection began in 1861.In the year 2003 some 30,000 people lost their lifes due to a sudden heat wave , making this phenomenon extremely attention worthy for the scientists. The average temperature of the UK may rise by 2-3.5 degree by 2080s. If we see the situation in our own country the demand of electricity especially in summers has raisin a lot. As the summers are getting longer and more severe than previous years living without a fan or an air-conditioner is becoming a big deal. This situation prevails through the world as the summers are getting longer and winters are shrinking. In this manner the rainfall frequency will also change it is expected that in up coming years winters will become wetter and summers drier. In south east summer rainfall may decline by 50 by the 2080s. Some worst impacts of climate change includes declining winter storms shifted towards north, increase in precipitation intensity, soaring of temperature, wide spread mortality of vegetation, and increases in the frequency of large wild fires. But wait; now the point is who actually is responsible for the outbreak of this new phenomenon. It is no doubt the anthropogenic activities of the humans which are destroying the environment. Green house gases include carbon dioxide, water vapors, methane and CFCs. Sources of CFCs are aerosols, refrigerators, and air-conditioners. These human activities are releasing harmful gases in the atmosphere which thickens the atmospheric layer. This thickened layer prevents the escape of heat from earths environment resulting an increase in global temperature. There are concerns that Carbon dioxide emission has raised to alarming levels but only few of the climate analysts fees that it is a bit early to draw final conclusions on this phenomenon. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is increasing with a rapid pace. It is considered as one of the most important green house gas.CO2 is released due to the combustion of fossil fuels, natural factors and volcanic eruption. It means the energy we consume is becoming an agent to destroy our environment. It can be administered by adopting renewable energy sources rather than fossil fuels. The agro fuels are clean and green and because of photosynthesis they help reducing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (The global monitoring division of NOAA/earth system research laboratory) The above graph shows the rising trend in global CO2 concentration from years 2006 to 2010. Some experts also believe that the earths ability to absorb the gases is reducing resulting in acceleration of green house effect. Conclusion Planet earth belongs to all living in it. Its every ones responsibility to protect it from climate change. On the whole the anthropogenic activities are responsible for global warming. Several steps should be taken in this regard. Promoting public transport and adopting efficient and environment friendly transport could be the first step. This reduces the number of cars on the road which intern reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Arboriculture specially when done on larger scale reduces the impact of global warming. In most of the countries this is done under government plan simultaneously people should also showing concern and are planting trees on their own. Preferring energy efficient products could be a vital step. The energy savers bulbs are on the top of the list. As these products consumes less energy so the overall demand for energy could be reduced this could be help full in decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels. Most of the experts find it too early to say that new trends are setting up. But all of them agree upon the fact that this phenomenon should be addressed on urgent basis.

The Truth Behind the Bus :: Buena Vista University Drinking Alcohol Essays

The Truth Behind the Bus There are many controversial issues concerning the bus service provided by Buena Vista University. BVU Rides, commonly known as the â€Å"Drunk Bus,† receives great reviews from the students using it at Buena Vista. However, members of the Storm Lake community are not as appreciative of this service. It is important, nonetheless, that people learn facts about BVU Rides in order to make an educated judgment. According to Behind the Arch, an essay compiled by students of Buena Vista University about the drinking issues within the university, citizens of Storm Lake feel that the â€Å"Drunk Bus† endorses drinking and drunkenness. The bus does in fact give students a chance to drink without being worried about a way back to their rooms. Some students who would not normally drink because of not having a ride are now able to drink without worrying about a designated driver. The bus system does facilitate ways for students to be able to drink. However, not only is the bus system sending a message to students that they can drink and not be worried about a way back to campus, but it also sends many other positive messages. The Storm Lake Community Believes: Getting Rid of the Bus will make a Statement that Drinking is not Acceptable and will Encourage Students to Abstain from Drinking One factor that Storm Lake citizens need to consider is that no matter what, there will be college students who drink. Not only are some of the students that use this service of age to drink, but it is likely that eliminating BVU Rides will not deter college students of any age from drinking. With there being a good chance of students out drinking, there has to be a way to get them back to their dorms. If Buena Vista were to take away the BVU Rides program, students who drink would not have a safe ride home. This would leave some students thinking that their only way of getting home would be to drive while under the influence. BVU Rides Allows Students to Get Drunk and Become Irresponsible Safety is a major concern when it comes to drinking. Drinkers are often reminded of this with billboards and commercial ads that tell them to â€Å"drink responsibly.† The Storm Lake community is also concerned about safety for themselves and students when it comes to student drinking.

A Clockwork Orange, by Stanley Kubrick Essay -- Film Analysis

A Clockwork Orange is a Stanley Kubrick film from 1971. Kubrick directed the film and wrote the screen play based on the 1962 novel from author Anthony Burgess. A Clockwork Orange was originally rated, â€Å"X† and nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Film Editing and Best Screenplay, but lost in each category to William Friedkin's The French Connection (filmsite.org). The set design is by John Barry, costume design by Milena Canonero, music by Wendy Carlos and cinematography by John Alcott. A Clockwork Orange was awarded the New York Film Critics Awards for Best Film and Best Direction (FilmReference.com). Distributed by Warner Brothers, the estimated budget was $2,200,000 with a Gross of $26,589,355 in the USA alone (IMDb.com). Most notable of the cast are actors Malcolm McDowell, Patrick Magee and Michael Bates. According to film critic James Berardinelli, â€Å"A Clockwork Orange is not an easy motion picture to absorb or digest.† Oddly, the sex and violence are easier to take than the razor-sharp edge of Kubrick's satire and the corresponding awareness of its pinpoint accuracy when addressing the issue of the dehumanization of people† (Berardinelli). Roger Ebert thought the movie was overhyped compared to its worth. He felt that the movie was an artistic sin. â€Å"It is just plain talky and boring. You know there's something wrong with a movie when the last third feels like the last half† (Rogerebert.com). The audience reactions all seem to say the same thing: â€Å"Brilliant movie†, â€Å"a gem of an art piece†, â€Å"sensational†, â€Å"the number one film of all time on my charts†(IMDb Reviews), with many claiming that it has to be watched more than once to truly appreciate the film. The movie has earned a 91% "Certified Fresh" ra... ...D=/19720211/REVIEWS/202110301/1023>. "The Kubrick FAQ Part 2." Visual-memory.co.uk. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. . IMDb Reviews. IMDb.com. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. . Flame into Being: The Life and Work of D. H. Lawrence (Heinemann, London 1985) Anthony Burgess, p 205 Bugge, Christian. "The Kubrick Site: The ACO Controversy in the UK." Visual-memory.co.uk. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. . Kipp, Jeremiah. "A Clockwork Orange." Slant Magazine. Slant Magazine. Web. 24 Mar. 2012. . "A Clockwork Orange (1971)." A Clockwork Orange. Web. 08 Apr. 2012. . http://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/A_Clockwork_Orange/383466?trkid=2361637

Reservoir Dogs... :: Movie Film Reservoir Dogs Essays

Reservoir Dogs... The first time I saw Reservoir Dogs I knew it was something different (I didn?t see any Tarantino?s films before). It was the first time I payed more attention to the characters dialogue than to the visual appearance of the film itself The dialogues in Tarantino?s films are its more powerful resource. They both tells the story and sets the mood for it. I remember I was reading Stephen King?s ?The Dead Zone? when I got hold of Tarantino?s screenplay for Reservoir Dogs. I left Stephen King for a while and read the screenplay in one sitting (I didn?t get much sleep that night). I got so carried away I couldn?t stop until Mr White died ?blown out of frame, leaving it empty?. It was brilliant. For me there is always an overlap between comics and film. Before a film is shot, most of the time a storyboard is done to show the cameras? angles and perspectives of the shot. I just see a storyboard like a comicbook with equal sized panels and more (or less) depending on what you want to show in-between key panels for the story (that?s the reason why so many comic artists sometimes are hired for storyboarding). Telling a story is the main aim for films and comicbooks . In films, the director (in comics is the penciller) is in charge of how the story is told. I will analyse some of Tarantino?s influences in Reservoir Dogs and his trademarks (he?s got such a distinctive style in directing, that you can just tell a film is made by him by just watching a couple of scenes of any movie he has made). I thought it may be interesting to include a chapter in this essay paying special attention to comicbooks that influenced Tarantino?s films such as ?Fantastic Four?(in reservoir Dogs Mr Orange is influenced by the Thing) and ~?Si1ver Surfer? (Tarantino included this character in some of the dialogue in ?Crimson Tide). But then I thought ?Tarantino references the Bible in Jules dialogue in Pulp Fiction?. I did a comicbook about the Bible when I was doing my Foundation Course in MAD (Kent Institute of Art & Design). Violence, sex and betrayal are themes that appear in Tarantino?s films as well as in some of the comics I?ve done. I thought I?ll give a chapter to talk about it.

My professional philosophy statement Essay

My goal is to provide a safe, nurturing, child-centered environment with a high-quality educational program that serves diverse children and families. Philosophy My philosophical beliefs are based in my knowledge of child development, theories of child behavior, and acceptable best practices for educating young children: Understanding children’s play and the teacher’s role in guiding and facilitating cognitive, social, emotional and physical development through play. Building relationships with children and families through dialogue, understanding, and interactive experiences. Encouraging children to make decisions while learning and to understand how their decisions affect others. Guiding children through teacher-planned, child-initiated activities based on children’s interests. These activities enhance children’s skills in all areas of development. My goal is to provide an environment that is safe, accessible, interesting, and child-centered. I want to provide nurturance, guidance and experiences to maximize children’s total development. This is based on following statements: All children have the right to be accepted, respected, and embraced as competent. Children are continuous learners and learn best within the context of family and their everyday experiences. Children construct knowledge by active participation with real materials and the environment. Free play is essential in developing the cognitive skills of children. Development of the â€Å"whole child† with a focus on promoting social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development should always be the main goal. Assessment of children should be on-going, reflective of children’s experiences, and occur within the context of daily classroom activities. Children’s family/cultural backgrounds broaden the curriculum for all children. Collaboration between families and teachers supports the development of the child and home-school relationships. My continuous professional development enhances my abilities to teach.

Introduction to Sociology Essay

In this report it will evaluate the impact of sociological behind what we call family and affectionate heighten that has evolved during the ages. There are deuce-ace factors that must(prenominal) be reviewed Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism.1. Functionalism* Functionalism would claim that for to each one one member of the family is inter viewent and contributes to the functioning of the family. * Family members play their share and have great attitudes there is balance, stay and unity in the family. * The rebel against his or her role then the role as a family as a all suffers imbalance, stress, disunity and dysfunctional tendencies. * Each member has round major power to agree to disagree what is decided. * By having input into decisions each member feels authorise and the family can grow based on the idea of consensus rather than authoritarianism.2. The functionalist conjecture is a sociological philosophy that attempts to explain complaisant institutio ns as collective means to come across man-to-man biological needs.3. The Conflict guess is a possibleness that states that nightclub or an organization functions so that each individual participant and its group struggle to maximize their benefits which inevitably contributes to friendly heighten such(prenominal) as political views and revolutions. * The guess of conflict within families starts with the premises that family members undergo conflicts and disharmony. * The subscribe to includes family kinetics and the roles played by conglomerate family members.* The source of the power and the causes of the conflict must be identified. * When the family is dissected and the sources of conflict and power identified the family can better and to a greater extent effective ways to communicate. * The study of dynamics can help members become more empathetic and understanding of the underlying causes of their conflict.4. The actism speculation has become one of the dominant sociological perspectives in the world today. The conjecture studies individuals and how they move in society. * symbolic interaction theory describes the family as a unit of interacting mortalalities.* This theory focuses attention to the way multitude interact through words, gestures rules and roles.* It is based on how human beings develop a complex unbending of symbols to give inwardness to the world.* Understanding these symbols is essential in understanding human behavior.* typic interactionism unique contributions to family are families are social groups and that individuals develop both a sentiment of self and their identities through social interactions.* emblematical interactism is the way we learn and give meaning to the world through our interactions with others.5. All trio theories, interactism, conflict, and functionalism have to do with social and affable states of the family being determined by a specific role or condition. 6. Functionalist is a macro l evel analysis. It focuses on how people come together to create society. * It as well as focuses on whether the actions are good for the balance wheel of society and these are called dysfunctions. * Conflict theory do not see society as whole coming together well for one purpose. It focuses on clan conflict. * The main difference between the three is that functionalism and conflict are macro level. Symbolic interactism is micro-level.The beginning of brio is the institution most(prenominal) responsible for the achievement of adult ecstasy and social integration. The beginning of human life begins with the family institution depending on the up sireing of the person will likely determine the social future for society. * Functionalists view the family from the standpoint of cosmopolitan functions the family provides to society. * Symbolic interactions views family as to what they can bring into society from study how they interact with each other. * Conflict theory focuses on strain conflict or the conflict with the family as a group.Conclusion Each theory will affect social change within the selected institution and depending on how each person uses this information will depend on how society views them as a whole.ReferencesWWW. How does interactionism theory apply to family.eduSocial Interactism theory by Lee Flamed.eduConflict theory- untested World encyclopedia.Functilism theory- New World EncyclopediaVising, Y (2011). Introduction to Sociology. San Diego, CA bridge circuit point Education,Inc.*

Gender Inequality Essay

It is not up for logical argu last forcet whether wo custody ar discriminated against in the mildewplace it is evident in census data in 1998 women made 73 cents to the dollar compens able to men. counterbalance today, in that respect is keep mum a make up come to the fore gap that exists between women and men. It is verbalise that the organizations that ar pro- agree brook, including whatsoever unions, support the idea that the authorities should set engage for whole line of merchandises. To the contrary, the organizations that be proponents of come to cede atomic number 18 not for telephone circuit salary being set by the government-they wish to expect the favoritism eat upn out of give in scales from indoors the telephoner. Comm precisely, this compensation gap is attri thoed to the fact that women in the linked States atomic number 18 lock in expect to attend to familial obligations over work.Data shows that women do attend to family obligatio ns, standardized having a child, caring for a sick family member, or caring for an elder scarcely they alike do not give up on work. Yes, women often chose small-scaleer paying jobs in exchange for tensile hours and do spend a lower digit of hours per week long-term at their jobs than their ph everyic counterparts. Be rationality women be socialized to be the primary c atomic number 18 givers they atomic number 18 kept at these lower paying jobs that ar much ductile, the jobs allow them to care for their family however unruffled retain an income (possibly a second income for the household). Womens ever-changing roles in society has resulted in this workplace problem.Women are allowed and often further to work but they are not rewarded or compensated at the homogeneous train, for their exploits, that men in the work force are. The pay gap would be narrowed if companies were much conducive to family schedules. Men and women would receive equal pay for the correspo nding job. Companies would benefit by retaining look employees. Men and women take up to start out making the alike marrow of money for the alike(p) job, companies need to offer women good maternity move on, families need to be offered child care (or childcare compensation), there needs to be a flexible work environment, and men should never be deter from taking paternity leave.It seems that women workers have reached a plateau in society. In order for women to be regard as men are) in the workplace there needs to be a redistribution of domestic and family work. Its accept fit now for women to work but this acceptation into the workforce has not drastically changed what they, women, are expected to perform at billet. There is no panache for women to move forward to equation in pay if they are not recognized as contributors to their job (i.e. women are still expected to perform outdoor(a) of work in the family setting as thoroughly in a way that men are barely expecte d to perform at work and not at home).As soon as more than than domestic and family work is allocated to men than women pass on be able-bodied to attain equal pay. Women, with slight work at home, give be able to commit to full time jobs, have to leave the workforce slight, take less leave, and be able to climb the corporate ladder good as men are today.Since 1942, sexual practice inequality, at least in pay, can be traced. In 1942 the guinea pig state of war Labor Board issued a oecumenic order that authorized employers to gravel voluntary adjustments in salaries or pay in order to dispute gender equality (at least in jobs were women and men worked the exact same job and had comparable quality and quantity of work) (CNN). Rates of women in turn over unions has been increase since they have entered the workforce. Even with the increase of women union amount this inequality of pay still exists. Women are encouraged by unions and new(prenominal) organizations to sue their employer if they are being treated unfairly in the workplace. Women are flimsy to pursue this option against their employers because of limited resources, i.e. money and time. sexual practice discrimination in the workplace is not simply evident in the pay gap but also in sexual harassment and the crackpot hood in organizations. The term glass cap began as a reference to discrimination against women in the work force. Glass ceiling encompasses some another(prenominal) contrasting kinds of discrimination against women workers including but not limited to differences in pay for comparable work, sexual harassment in the workplace, and companies that do not have family-friendly policies. The glass ceiling is an unwritten rule in many businesses.The ceiling is an unseeable barrier that usually affects minorities and women. This barrier is passing debilitating for women in their job because it makes them emotional state lowly and that their bosses do not take them serio usly because of their sex. Women feel that their bosses arent taking them seriously because the bosses do not view them as potential candidates for the closely(prenominal) honored blots in the establishment. The glass ceiling is another dictatorial means used by corporate the States to keep women out of powerful positions and keep them from raking in a lot of money in damage of their gross income. A study done by the U.S Department of Labor in 1991 followed nine contingency 500 companies and the results confirmed that workers in these companies, minorities and women especially, came into contact with the invisible barrier, the glass ceiling, very early on in their vocations.The U.S. Supreme Court has designated two polar types of sexual harassment in workplaces Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is harassment that straight off results in an employment outcome (ex. the harasser would judge that if you dont do X you volition lose your job). Sexual harassment of Type 2 is not nearly as direct but creates a hostile work environment for the peeved worker. This hostile in environment can be created by rude gestures, sabotaged work, inappropriate name calling, blunt jokes, unnecessary touching, comment on the appearance of others (physical attributes), and so forthWomen are now surpassing men in the amount of education, in years and higher degrees, they have. If the workforce does not allow them to pursue executive career options then they go forth find themselves unable to film these positions. Women in 1996 pull in 1,255,057 college degrees as compared to men who earned 992,638 degrees (Career Planning). The ever increasing amount of women furthering their education makes them more likely to want to enter the job market. Also, the extended a woman is in school the longish she go forth be in the workforce, when she enters it, because it is likely that she will delay childbearing.Even though female graduates may be even more qualified for a position than her male counterpart the woman will be much more likely to be recommended for a job as an companion or secretary job than the man. She will be told that this assistant or secretarial job is her way to bushel her theme in the door at the company. The employers will act like this is a typical entry-level position when in fact a man in the same situation will immediately deject at a much higher level in the company. Women are over represented in the lower paying jobs in the company- almost all assistants and secretarial positions are filled by women patch men crowd the top and fill the most prestigious positions in the company. This concentration of men at the top and women at the bottom is called occupational requisition.I began the Intro to Critical Feminist Studies furrow with a very clear idea of what womens lib is yet I was hesitant to call myself a womens liberationist. A feminist, to me, is psyche who advocates for womens rights and their equality as compared to men. W omen and men are equal yet two are very different. A feminist is someone who capitalizes on and embraces the differences between men and women. Anyone can be a feminist but feminism, to me, means only advocating for womens issues like gender discrimination in the workplace. Through the semester my definition of feminism has not changed drastically yet I am much more willing to associate myself with this movement/name. My hesitation in calling myself a feminist was based on worries about the social implications of the word feminist.I dont judge people only if because they attach this label to themselves or associate with other feminists so there must have been some deeper concern about the social implications of being one, a feminist. I dont think that somebodys needfully associate being a feminist with prejudicial things but that socially, in group situations and in the larger context of society and politics, being labeled as a feminist will limit your options. Specifically, I a m concerned with the implications of being a feminist in the workplace. The workplace, to me, is the center of the politically correct and in some way labeling yourself a feminist makes you politically incorrect and socially awkward. Labeling yourself a feminist, ironically, attributes a male characteristic to you, i.e. confidence. Because feminists are labeled with this confidence and that they have such a clear idea of what darknesss against women are they are outcasts.This bailiwick, gender discrimination in the workplace, is related to a topic in my previous papers, women and healthcare. The job market is likely the most influential factor in an individuals ability to obtain health insurance. This job-place discrimination against women indirectly affects the quality of healthcare available to most American women. Its important to me to have equality in the workplace because I am a women and I dont deserve to make less money than a male-counterpart just because of my sex. Eve n if it is the case that women are in and out of the labor force (more than men) because of familial obligations there is no cause for this discrimination in the workplace. Women are in and out of the labor market caring for men, mens children, and mens relatives yet women get nonrecreational less than men for the same job. There is even more cause for the wage gap to be closed because womens roles are changing many women are both mothers and workers. In the past, maybe it was OK (not just but socially acceptable) for women to make less money than men because men were the providers and the womans income was play money. This is no longer the case. Women are now equal providers for their family, possibly the bigger earner, and frequently the bushel provider for their household (single moms etc.).A female that just graduated from college with a major in market calls an substance to schedule an interview. She gets to the interview on time, swell dressed, and ready to be hired. The interview proceeds and the interviewer is strike with her resume but is very interested in her typing speed. The interviewer takes the recent grad to another room, a computer lab, where she is sat down and prepared to take a typing test-to determine her words per minute. age typing, she sees an acquaintance of hers from school and he is applying to work for the agency as well. Her male acquaintance is interviewed by the same person yet he is immediately suggested for a position in the company without taking a typing test. The interviewer suggested the taping test for the female grad because having good typing skills would help her get her foot in the door, i.e. she could start out as an assistant or secretary. Even though both prospective employees, the woman and the man, had equitable educations the woman was not encouraged/allowed by the interviewer to enter the ranks of the business as anyone but a secretary (Career Planning).Some examples of gender discrimination in the workpl ace are women not being hired for a position (which they are qualified for) because the companys long-time clients feel more comfortable dealing with men, during company cutbacks men with the same job with less seniority keep their job over a woman who has been working for the company for a long time, and women not being able to attain a promotion even though they qualify for it (the womanhas exemplary check up ons and has earned many awards in her position (like employee of the year, etc.) the promotion is given to a less qualified male).After the National War Labor Board issued general order xvi the fight for equal pay continues. President posterior F. Kennedy signed the commensurate Pay exploit in 1963. This Act signed by JFK applied to 27.5 one million million million workers (both men and women) and required employees doing work requiring equal skill, effort and responsibility- and work performed under similar working conditions-be nonrecreational equal wages (CNN). In s ubsequent years, hobby both the general order sixteen and the Equal Pay Act, numerous bills and acts have been passed to guarantee women and men equal pay for the same job yet the pay gap still exists today.A more recent statistic on the pay difference, from 2000, found that women still make .80 cents to the dollar thats give to their male counterparts (GAO). A few women have been compensated for their illogical wages. The Department of Labors Office of federal official Contract Compliance Programs, OFCCP, began reviewing corporate management systems in 1993. The OFCCP began the review process after President observance Clinton signed the Family and Medical Leave Act. This Act protects workers jobs guaranteeing them at least twelve months of unpaid leave collectable to the birth of a child or extremum family circumstances (someone is very ill, etc.). These reviews of corporate management systems has been instrumental in paying back wages to women. angiotensin converting enzy me of the OFCCPs reviews included an evaluation of Fairfax Hospital in Virginia. The hospital, as a result of its preliminary review by the OFCCP, agreed to pay over $425,000 in back wages to 52 female workers these workers were busy in the top six grades of the hospitals personnel structure (CNN).Also, after the hospitals review they gave 44 out of the 52 women pay raises, which gave these individuals more than $178,000 (extra) in total. These raises account for more than $4,000 a year extra income for each woman. Out of all the corporate reviews by OFCCP, the largest settlement was with CoreStates Financial grounding in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a result of their review CoreStates paid more than 1.5 million dollars to women and minorities to compensate them for (past) pay discrimination. In addition to paying the 1.5 million dollars to workers CoreStates paid more than 334,000, in salary adjustments to 76 women and 66 members of minorities (CNN). The monetary compensation does not address the outset of why women are paid less than men. If companies are willing to settle with the OFCCP and pay lost wages to female workers then they obviously recognize the injustice they are committing in the pay scales. Even with the release of numerous acts that require employers to give equal pay the gap still continues between women and mens salaries.From the 1960s when JFK signed the Equal Pay Act the number of women workers was at an all-time high. From the beginning of the 60s to the mid 70s more than half the increase in the amount of workers in the labor force was made up of women. most(prenominal) of these women were married and delayed having children so they could stay in the labor force longer. Even though womens primary obligations are to their families they still do stay put in the workforce after having children. Families cant make it without the second income provided by the female. Women are in and out of the labor force but only to recover from c hildbirth the number of working moms in 2006 was over 2.6 million. More than 72 percent of mothers in the Unites States, with children under the age of 18, are either occupied part or full-time.Women are in hostile environments at home and at work. Women are paid less than men for the same job, are sexually harassed at work, and are cornered into low paying demeaning work. Even though women are expected to be equal providers for their family they are also expected to be the primary caretaker of their family. It is impossible for women to travel by in both arenas if they are not apt(p) equality. This equality would include either redistribution of domestic and family work (while women continue to work in the office) or equal respect for womens work (women staying at home while men work in the office).