Such An Issue Stirs Up Moral And Religious Beliefs; Essays

Such an issue works up good and strict convictions; convictions that are in opposition to what America should accept. Be that as it may, such a discussion has been clear in the American commercial center of thoughts before with the disallowance of liquor in the 1920's. With the illicitness of liquor the mafia could produce alcohol and in this way had impressive authority over those who needed their substance and administration. The job that the mafia played in the 1920's has changed into the corner street pharmacists what's more, sedate cartel of the 1990's. The legitimization that authorized liquor under Amendment 21 out of 1933 ought to likewise legitimize sedates in 1996. With the sanctioning of medications a lessening in passings identified with sedate arrangements would happen and furthermore the cost would decrease since greater organizations could deliver drugs at a less expensive cost. In this manner, lessening wrongdoings that are resolved to help a medication propensity. Another medication that has assumed a significant job in American culture is nicotine. For many years, cigarettes have been a well known legitimate medication inside the United States. Just through legitimization what's more, instruction has the prominence and the utilization of cigarettes declined inside the previous ten years. Truly, the real outcomes of utilizing illegal medications is considerably less than of utilizing drugs like liquor or cigarettes and the outcomes will be reduced. Illegal medications can and will be made more secure than they are in the current framework. In making examinations, the best is to take a gander at how nations are working that have less authorization on drugs and what the measurements were after medications were decriminalized. Inside the most recent thirty years numerous gatherings have their endeavors. The utilization of medications is a harmless wrongdoing much like homosexuality. Gay people have battled for a lot of opportunity that depends on their essential human rights; the privilege to settle on choices and act uninhibitedly dependent on what is ensured under the Constitution, insofar as any other person isn't influenced. Monetarily, the creation of medications in the United States would advantage the money related prosperity of the American government and individuals. Expenses ought to promptly be set on drugs in this way bringing about a critical increment in government salary. The more cash that administration gets is more cash that they can put towards the training of how medications impact the human psyche and body. Preclusion breeds slight for law?enforcement; the organization that should hold the most noteworthy regard of the American society. Cash spent on disallowance is a staggering figure that isn't required and is clearly achieving pretty much nothing. Those who need to be constrained by a substance ought to have each privilege to do as such, on the grounds that this privilege has equivalent ward as some other human right that has risen up out of the ocean of abuse and oppressed opportunities. The passings bringing about the gaining of liquor have everything except vanished. At the point when all non?medical dealings in liquor were restricted in the United States in 1919, the results were fundamentally the same as the present medication exchange. Liquor quality was prepared illegally; shippers were thought of lawbreakers and carried on thusly; assurance rackets, pay-offs furthermore, group fighting composed wrongdoing in the United States. (Boaz, p.118) The authorization spending rose from $7 million in 1921 to $15 million of every 1930, $108 million out of 1988 dollars. In 1926, the Senate Judiciary Committee delivered a 1,650-page report assessing authorization endeavors and proposing changes. In 1927, the Bureau of Prohibition was made to smooth out authorization endeavors, and specialists were brought under common help security to kill defilement and improve polished methodology. In that equivalent year, President Hoover selected a blue-strip commission to assess requirement endeavors and suggest changes. After three years Forbiddance was finished and liquor was legalized.(Boaz, pps.49?50) Promptly, the peddler quit going around the boulevards providing illegal stash. Individuals quit stressing over lushes robbing them in the lanes or breaking into their lofts to get assets to purchase a 16 ounces of wine. We currently manage liquor maltreatment as a clinical issue. Let us manage the medication issue similarly. Let us do whatever it takes not to rehash the mix-ups of the past by proceeding to raise a war that is completely unnecessary.(Boaz, p.120) The nullification of liquor disallowance gives the ideal relationship. Cancelation didn't end alcoholismas without a doubt Prohibition didn't - yet it solved a significant number of the issues made by Prohibition, for example, debasement, murder, and harmed alcohol.(Boaz, p.50) We can anticipate no more and no less from medicate sanctioning today. US has done whatever it takes not to boycott the utilization of tobacco on cigarette smoking is one of America's most risky medication propensities. Nicotine, the dynamic fixing in tobacco, is exceedingly toxic. At the point when segregated and taken orally, it can get passing merely minutes. Cigarette tobacco contains about 1.5 percent

Compare Chinese and American national cybersecurity policies (or more Term Paper

Look at Chinese and American national cybersecurity approaches (or more nations)) - Term Paper Example The motivation behind this investigation is to think about the adequacy of the national digital security arrangements that have been applied in China and America and to give feasible answers for the shortcomings in these strategies. By drawing from a wide scope of hypothetical and factual assets, it will be conceivable to look at the exhibition of the digital security strategies in these nations. A basic examination of the materials will give a satisfactory ground to give useful answers for that will assist the administration with improving digital security approaches in their nations. Chinese versus American National Cyber Security Introduction Cyber security is a term that rose following the improvement of an information driven world that is driven by the web and online nearness. As the worldwide patterns request greater commitment of the web and all business activities become driven by this innovation, the requirement for information security has ascended because of the presence o f hacking and data fraud as the man at the center accesses delicate data during its transmission. Indeed, even today, numerous associations and residents keep on being survivors of casualties of cybercrime sending an alert to the legislature to actualize online security to guarantee wellbeing of delicate business exchanges. China and America are among the nations that have concentrated on the digital security to ensure wellbeing of data in online business. The reason for this paper is to make a correlation between the America digital security arrangements with those that have been conveyed in China. To draw this correlation, the approaches applied in every nation will be broke down and their effect on information security will be assessed. An auxiliary research will be led from a wide scope of materials including government reports and approved research attempts to assemble valid data. The data so got will be identified with the subject point to shape a premise of the ends. From the exploration, it will be conceivable to give proposals to elective systems that can be utilized to expand digital security and assurance wellbeing of data sent over the systems. This will give a generous stage to the improvement of information security strategies in China and America, yet additionally across different countries that have been hit with the blow of cybercrime in the business condition. Foundation of Cybercrime and Cyber-Security Cybercrime alludes to the utilization of programming, fish-sends or impossible to miss malware to acquire client data wrongfully during an information transmission process. With the present increment in online fiscal exchanges, the digital hoodlums have vested more endeavors to acquire data from residents and business association. For example, when an online financier takes care of their qualifications into the online records, it is feasible for programmers to get this data and use it to make illicit exchanges. As indicated by United States De partment of Crime and Justice, (2013) around 5 million Americans are hacked each year and their personality data is utilized and at any rate $50 million dollars is lost to digital lawbreakers. In China, Anderson reports that in China, more than 700,000 web clients fall survivor of cybercrime each without their insight and over $874 million is lost to fraudsters. Notwithstanding the basic endeavors that have been locked in to handle the issue, cybercrime keeps on being a major issue in numerous nations. The 2013 cybercrime report introduced by Sophos new

5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans

5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans 5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans 5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check LoansWith a soft credit check loan, youre likely to see lower rates than you would with a no credit check loanâ€"and it might even help your credit score!???????If you have bad credit, then you’re probably familiar with no credit check loans. These are a type of bad credit loan that doesn’t perform any sort of credit check when you apply. The most common kinds of no credit check loans include payday loans, title loans, and cash advances.But there’s another kind of bad credit loan you should know: Soft credit check loans. This is a category that includes many of the bad credit installment loans available to folks whose low scores lock them out from traditional lenders.There are many benefits to soft credit check loans, some of which they share with no credit check loans, but also some that make them an improvement on their no credit check cousins. If you have bad credit and need money to cover a surprise expense, heres what you need to know.1. The y’re easy and fast!If you’ve ever applied for a personal loan from a bank or other traditional lender, you know that the process is not speedy. Once you’ve entered in all your informationâ€"and they’ll ask for a lot itâ€"you’ll still have to wait days before you receive a decision.Soft credit check loans, on the other hand, are easy to apply for. While performing a soft credit checkâ€"and sometimes an income verificationâ€"requires more information than a no credit check application, it’s still something that you can complete very quickly.And once you submit your application, you’re likely to get a decision in a matter of minutes or hours, not days. When you’re dealing with something like an unexpected car repair or medical bill, this sort of easy application lets you get back to focusing on what really matters.And if you’re approved, you’ll get your funds quickly. Sometimes you can even receive your funds the same day, but oftentimes you’ll receive them by the next business day. Still, that’s much faster than traditional lenders and gets you the money you need when you need it: Now.2. Applying won’t affect your credit.When you apply for a traditional personal loan, the lender is going to run a hard check on your credit. This returns them a full copy of your credit report and lets them do a deep dive on your history as a borrower. Hard checks are recorded on your report and they’ll temporarily lower your score.Soft credit checks, on the other hand, are not recorded on your credit report and do not affect your score. This is because they return less information than a hard check, giving lenders a broad overview of your credit history instead of a comprehensive reporting.With traditional loans, getting your application denied is doubly frustrating: Not only do you not get the money you need, but your score has been lowered. With soft credit check loans, however, there is no downside. Even if your application for credit is denied, your score won’t take a hit!3. They come with lower rates.Soft credit check loans are still a type of bad credit loan, so their rates are going to be higher than standard personal loans. There’s really no way around it. Borrowers with bad credit default at higher rates, so these lenders have to charge higher interest rates in return to protect against potential loss.But since soft credit check loans do their due diligence on applicants and turn down borrowers who can’t afford to repay (more on why that’s a good thing in the next section), their default rates are naturally lower than no credit check lenders.What this means for you is simple: Soft credit check lenders often charge lower rates than no credit check lenders! Lower rates mean that you save money over the life of the loan, and they also lower your risk of getting trapped in an ongoing cycle of debt.4. They check your ability to repay.When you take out a loanâ€"no matter if its an online loan or one from a brick-and-mor tar institutionâ€"you want to be able to pay it back. Otherwise, you’ll end up with negative marks on your score and a debt collector hounding you for payments. You could even end up in court with your wages getting garnished!With no credit check loans, the likelihood of this happening is much higher because the lender doesn’t do anything to check whether or not you can afford the loan you’re trying to borrow.In many cases, no credit check lenders stand to make more money from their customers not paying their loans off the first time. When borrowers are forced to roll over their loan or take out another loan immediately after paying off their old one, that means more money for the lender.But with soft credit check loans, lenders will not loan money to someone that they estimate can’t afford the loan. This is why these loans are less likely to trap borrowers in an ongoing cycle of debt: Because these lenders care about their customers paying off their loan the first time, not the fifth.5. Some can help your credit.With a no credit check loan, the only way you’re going to see your credit score affected is if you default on the loan and it ends up as a collections account. In other words, the only way for your score to go with a loan like this is down.But some soft credit check lenders (including OppLoans) actually report payment information to the credit bureaus that create your credit reports. This means that on-time payments will go on your report and could help improve your score.Your payment history is the most important part of your credit score, making up 35 percent of your total. As such, good payment history is critical to maintaining a  good credit score or fixing a lousy one. And these soft credit check loans give you the opportunity to build better credit.Soft credit check loans aren’t a silver bullet by any means. But the right loan can be a great tool to help you address a financial shortfall. And the best soft credit check loans can ev en help you to start building a brighter financial future.To learn more about improving your credit and your financial outlook, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsBuilding Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

How the Louisana Purchase Was Aganist the Constitution...

Through the Louisiana Purchase a lot of problems with how Thomas Jefferson dealt with the Constitution can be found. Jefferson was the third president of the United States and the leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. Even though he believes in a strict interpretation of the Constitution his actions during the Louisiana Purchase violates this avowed Constitutional principle of his and it also went against his principal of low government spending. Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution. In â€Å"Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank† Jefferson says, â€Å"all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Other than this there was nothing about the purchase of new territory in the Constitution. Jefferson had to use implied powers again to justify the purchase. Jefferson in his second inaugural addre ss said, â€Å"I know that the acquisition of Louisiana had been disapproved by some from a candid apprehension that the enlargement of our territory would endanger its union. But who can limit the extent to which the federative principle may operate effectively?† Jefferson basically said that there are some cases in which to keep the federal government operating effectively some rules need to be broken when necessary. He abuses the fact that the Constitution isn’t clear about the purchase of new lands to buy Louisiana and doing so he goes against his strict view of the Constitution. There is one last major way that Jefferson violates his Constitutional Principals, and that is by going against his principal of low government spending. Jefferson, in the Jeffersonian Cyclopedia, wrote, â€Å"I am for a government rigorously frugal and simple, applying all the possible savings of the public revenue to the discharge of the national debt.† Jefferson believed in spend ing as little money as possible to keep the national debt low. For the most part he keeps true to this, but the Louisiana Purchase shows once again how he goes against his principals. In transcription of the Louisiana Purchase it says, â€Å"The Government

The Addiction Of Methamphetamine Among Juvenile Essay

Introduction The addiction of methamphetamine amongst juvenile’s and adults has reached epidemic proportions that affect the individual, families and communities. Methamphetamine abuse has crossed all social economic boundaries that have negatively impacted law enforcement, social and clinical services. According to Anglin, Burke, Perrochet, Stamper and Dawud-Noursi (2000), methamphetamine, also known as meth, crystal, or speed, is a substance that affects the central nervous system creating a stimulant effect that can be injected, smoked, snorted, or ingested orally. Individuals who use meth for an extensive period of time tend to become addicted and will likely need to continue to use meth at high levels for its effects to continue to provide the euphoric symptoms and sensations. Anglin, et al, also describe methamphetamine as a derivative of amphetamine, this form of amphetamine was often used for medication purposes in the 1950’s and 1960’s to treat symptoms of depres sion and obesity. Durell, Kroutil, Crits-Christoph, Barchha, and Van Brunt (2008), also stated that illicit methamphetamine use is a public health concern in the United States with an increase use among teens and young adults in the 1990s. The Mental Health Services Administration conducted a national survey on meth use in the United States and found that currently as least a half a million of Americans used or have used methamphetamine. Meth use is an epidemic that is slowly becoming a destructiveShow MoreRelatedEssay Consequences of Substance Abuse at a Young Age899 Words   |  4 PagesYoung people are using mood-changing substances at an increasingly younger age. Persistent substance abuse among youth is often accompanied by a plethora of problems, including school related hardships, health-related problems, poor family relationships, mental health issues, and run-ins with the justice system. There are also significant consequences involving the community, and society in gen eral. Studies show drug use at a young age increases the desire to abuse as you get older. Society looksRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), toRead Moreaddiction concept writing1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Addiction Cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, alcohol, opium, tobacco, hypnotics, just to name a few. Addiction is a chronic disease that affects the chemicals in the brain. It dysfunctions the circuits in the brain that deal with memory, reward, sex, motivation, behavior, relationships and emotions all mostly resulting in substance use or other behaviors to fulfill those circuit rewards. This world is in a current addiction epidemic on drugs. Let’s try to understand addiction to make itRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned?1580 Words   |  7 Pagesdrugs. Ice the drug of choice , Senate inquiry hears. The Sydney morning herald reports on the increase of the drug ‘ice’. Amongst youths it is at its greatest increase as juveniles are able to get the drug for a cheaper price to alcohol and more easily. With about 2 per cent of Australians consuming the methamphetamine drug which is commonly known as ice, which has been reported as to be dropping in price and increasing in quality and the strength of the drug. The NSW police force had reportedRead MoreThe Impact of Drugs on Society3805 Words   |  16 Pagesgovernment resources and, ultimately, the taxpayer. This effect is the most evident with methamphetamine. Clandestine methamphetamine production sites have been seriously injured or killed as a result of methamphetamine production. (www.usdoj.gov) (p.2). According to the DEA, the average cost to clean up a methamphetamine production laboratory is $1,900. Given that an average of 9,777 methamphetamine laboratory seizures were reported to NCLSS each year between 2002 and 2004, the economicRead More The Existence of Crime Culture Among Certain Social Groups Essay3545 Words   |  15 Pagesstandards, with no chance of succeeding in the future. The anti social structure of cities also affects the why a boy and or girl joins a gang. The formation of gangs in cities, and most recently in suburbs, is assisted by the same lack of community among parents. While almost half of high seniors used marijuana at least once, thirty-seven percent said they had used it in the past year, and twenty-three percent said they had used it in the previous month. Strain Theory, posits the disjuncture betweenRead MorePros And Cons Of Juvenile Drug Courts1589 Words   |  7 Pagesalso assumed that the quicker treatments began after the initial arrest, the less time an offender would spend in jail, where there is a more negative environment and where drug use could possibly continue. There is over 2,000 adult and about 500 juvenile drug courts in the United States today (Shaffer, 2011). There is also a family drug court where parents can go to seek help when they are in danger of losing custody of their child, because of drug abuse. Drug courts are different from traditionalRead MoreDrug Abuse8640 Words   |  35 Pagesnarcotic and psychoactive stimulants forms the core of most popular music videos. Parties in metropolitan cities today are not concluded without the customary party drugs. Available easily on the street, at rates not affected by inflation, drugs are among the most harmful items on any individual’s shopping list. In the following report, an attempt has been made to discuss the causes cure for drug abuse. This report is intended for all audiences. Acknowledgment Read MoreThe United States Prisons And Federal Prisons959 Words   |  4 Pagesover 60 percent of American prisons. The majority of them are in jail for drug offences such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, and methamphetamine. More than half of federal prisoners are incarcerated for drug crimes in 2010, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. That number has only just dipped below 50 percent in 2011. Despite more relaxed attitudes among the public at large toward non-violent offenses like marijuana use, the number of people in federal prison for drug offenses spikedRead MoreEssay on America Home of Incarceration1968 Words   |  8 PagesThis helps the states and counties with overcrowding and the cost of taking care of the inmate while incarcerated. The prisoner that is on house arrest is also made to pay restitution for the monitoring. (Johnson James) Rehabilitation programs are among one of the most popular ways of alternative sentencing. When a person is convicted of a felony or misdemeanor drug possession or a charge of being under the influence of a controlled substance (including alcohol), many times a judge will sentence them

Is America a Christian Nation Free Essays

â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † Thomas Jefferson wrote those words to express the emotions of a nation that desired freedom, and to shake the foundation of the British Empire. However, this simple, but eloquent phrase has sparked one of the greatest debates in American history. We will write a custom essay sample on Is America a Christian Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is America a Christian nation? One question has divided the nation and its politicians since the founding and forming of America. This fiery debate has sparked more controversy than any other debate in modern politics. When the facts are analyzed and examined it points to the side that America was not, and is not a Christian nation. It is not a Christian nation because the Founding Father’s ideas for this country were no meant to be entangled with a national religion. There are clear and precise arguments on both sides, but one must put aside all biases and see that America’s founders had no intention of making America into a nation that was centered on one religion. Through their own writings, letters, and actions the founders have shown that creating a government that protected the rights and liberties of the people was the primary and fundamental goal. The War for American Independence was not fought because the colonists wanted to separate from England, which already had a national religion, to create another nation based on a religion. It was fought in order to free themselves from the tyrannical monarchs that lived hundreds of miles away. In order to discover the solution to this debate the founding of this nation must be analyzed in detail. Furthermore, it is important to look at this history because this debate deals directly with the founding principles, rather than the evolution of American government. The first question that must be asked is why the founders would be opposed to a national religion (or Christian nation) if that is what they had before. For instance, one battle cry of the revolution was, â€Å"Give me liberty, or give me death! † It was not, give me religion or give me death, so it was clear to see that the people in America were not revolting because they felt their freedom of religion was in danger. It was an important part f their history though. As a matter of fact, the fear of religious persecution was not far removed from their memories. The men that had come to America had witnessed firsthand the results of a corrupt national church. They had come from the Anglican Church, which was created solely because Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife. Many came to the colonies of America because the corrupt church was challenging their beliefs and not allowing them to worship as they saw fit. These men and woman realized that having a national religion did not give more rights or promote religion, but simply corrupted it. The founders believed that religion should be left up to the people to carry out how they see fit, without interference from any type of government. Those who claim that America was a Christian nation often point to the phrase in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† where Jefferson invokes the name of the â€Å"Creator. † Even though this seems like a valid point, the truth is that Jefferson and many of the other Founding Fathers were not Christians, but rather Deists. This worldview states that a higher power created the universe and all those in it, but then left it alone and does not care or pay attention to his creation. Jefferson may have been referring to god, but it was certainly not the Christian God of the Bible. Like many of the prominent statesmen of that day, Jefferson knew who he was addressing. In the colonies, the majority of people would be considered Christians. Whether or not Jefferson or the other founders believed in the Christian God, they knew they had to secure the support of the people. People, would certainly be more likely to follow a plan to take on the greatest empire in the world if they believed their cause was supported by God. Secondly, when supporters of the Christian nation idea point to the Declaration as proof they fail to realize something. The Declaration is not law. Nothing in the Declaration legally guides the way American government or its people function. Even though it set up the foundation for this new nation, it cannot be regarded as any type of legal document that would give evidence of a Christian based nation. However, even if someone were to look at the Declaration as proof, there are more misconceptions. The idea in the Declaration of a government that derives its power from the people is adically different from the theory of divine rights that is seen in the Christian kingdoms of the past. The founder’s idea of a government by and for the people completely rejects the idea of a government where man derives the right to maintain power from a divine being. Moreover, if the founders had wanted to remain in that type of society than they could have used much simpler terms, rather than using the confusing, vague terms such as â€Å"Creator. † Since the Declaration is not in fact a law, one must look at the actual document that guides the way American government is supposed to act, the Constitution. If the founders had intended to create a Christian nation, then it would follow that their laws would follow in that way. However, this is not the case. In reality, it could not be further from the truth. For example, in Article VI section 3 of the Constitution it states that will be no religious test for public office. If the founders intended for a national religion, then why not make influential, political figures be held to some religious standard? Once again, the evidence points to the founders trying to avoid the route of so many of the nations that came before them. In yet another attempt to make sure there was no national religion, the 1st Amendment to Constitution states that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. † Clearly, the founders knew that establishing a national religion would result in the persecution of any other religion or belief system. Also, the establishment clause has been interpreted to mean there is a wall of separation between church and state, according to the Supreme Court. Even though this â€Å"wall† is not in the Constitution, it is implied through the 1st Amendment. Finally, the laws and fundamental beliefs were based off the ideas of John Locke and Greek philosophers. The argument that states that common law and the natural rights of man came from any type of religious belief system cannot be used. Therefore, the foundation of this country was not based on Biblical (or any other religious) standards, when it came to the policies and functions of the US government. If the laws and history of the founders point to a rejection of national religion, what about how they lived out these policies? What did their actions and writings say about how they intended to run America? When one looks at the founder’s polices and laws, it is obvious that they never intended for America to have an established religion. Firstly, in 1779 Thomas Jefferson presented the â€Å"Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom† to an assembly in Virginia. This statute would greatly influence the 1st Amendment in that it was concerned with the corruption of national religion and the persecution of those who think differently. â€Å"Whereas, Almighty God hath created the mind free; that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or [burdens] or by civil incapacitations tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness. Clearly, the founders were aware of the eminent dangers that would follow creating an establishment of religion. Moreover, this statute was supported by James Madison, who is considered to be the author of the Constitution, and a group of Baptists that had been largely persecuted when there was an established religion. Furthermore, before the C onstitution was ratified there was much debate over what type of government to have. â€Å"The Federalist Papers† were a series of essays defending the Constitution and a more powerful federal government than that of the Articles of Confederation. One of the main fears of the Federalists was the creation of factions. This meant groups, most likely political parties gaining control and causing a tyranny of the majority. Under the pseudonym â€Å"Publius† James Madison argued that even religious sects could become tyrannical when he wrote, â€Å"A religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the Confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it must secure the national councils against any danger from that source,† Obviously, this is an argument for a Union rather than a confederacy, but it clearly shows the founders fear of a national religion. They believed, like they had seen in the past that an established religion would be nothing more than a corrupt, political faction. Moreover, the most glaring, apparent proof that the founders did not want a national religion was when they were dealing with foreign nations. After the War for American Independence, the former colonies had to deal with the Barbary pirates themselves as they no longer had protection from England or France. Therefore a treaty was signed at Tripoli, in order to ensure peace and friendship between the two battling sides. This document was signed and ratified by President John Adams and was unanimously voted through by the Senate. Article 11 of the treaty states that, â€Å"As the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility, of Mussulmen; and, as the said States never entered into any war, or act of hostility against any Mahometan nation, it is declared by the part that no pretext arising from religious opinions, shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries. Even though this was a treaty it showed what the founders truly believed about the nation that they had created. Furthermore, according to Article VI section 2 of the Constitution all treaties made by Congress shall become the supreme law of the land. There is the idea that this article was merely added to please the Muslim nation, which is a valid point. However, bec ause it was a treaty it became law after it was ratified by the Senate. Why would the founders make such a bold statement that would become the supreme law of the land if they did not really mean it? It is apparent that the founders were clearly stating, in this treaty, what they had already considered to be true. The study of history is important because it allows people to learn from the mistakes and errors of those in the past. The founders were some of the most intelligent men that have ever walked this earth and were certainly scholars of history. Therefore, they saw the corruption and persecution that was brought upon by the establishments of national religions. In no way were the founders hostile towards Christianity, Judaism, Deism, or any other religious beliefs. If anything, when the arguments are analyzed the founders were trying to protect religions and peoples religious beliefs more than anything else. By not allowing the establishment of religion they ensured that, for example, Christianity would be handled by the different churches and denominations of that religion, and not by a unitary government figure. Through their actions, writings, and policies it was evidently clear that America was never meant to be a Christian nation. In order to maintain the principles of liberty, the founding fathers had to create a nation where religion could flourish without the flaws and corruptions that come with combining a source of power with religious belief. If they had not done this, history would have surely repeated itself and the corruption of the church and government would have been much greater. How to cite Is America a Christian Nation, Essay examples

Muckle-Wells Syndrome Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Example

Muckle-Wells Syndrome Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Paper Muckle-Wells Syndrome Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS) is a rare, genetic autosomal disease which leads to urticaria, sensorineural deafness, and also leads to amyloidosis. The disease is mainly caused due to mutation of CIAS1 gene, that leads to increased production of interleukin 1B. Due to interaction of IL1B and skin receptors, the inflammation occurs, which leads to fever and rashes. The common symptoms include fevers, chills, deafness, arthritis, and recurrent urticaria.The episode of MWS usually lasts for around 48 hours. The disease belongs to a family of cryopyrin- associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including 2 other diseases, caused by mutation of CIAS1 gene.Visit Complete Report Here: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/muckle-wells-syndrome-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2013-2019 Muckle-Wells Syndrome can be diagnosed with the help of study of patient’s symptoms and medical evaluation. In addition, gene testing and NLRP3 mutation study also helps in diagnosis of the disease. Owing to extensive growth in genetic engineering, the market is expected to grow duringthe forecast period 2013 to 2019. The major treatments for MWS includes Rilonacept (for CAPS treatment), anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and Canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody. In addition to the existing treatments, some new treatments are under pipeline studies.The market of Muckle-Wells Syndrome is driven by factors such as, extensive RD activities, technological advancement in research and genetic sciences and growing concern about various genetic disorders. Extensive RD is one of the major factor, propelling the market growth. Considering the growth perspective, many pharmaceutical and biotechnological leaders are engaged in the development of medications and treatments for this disease. However, low epidemiology, lack of

Editorial Essay High Persuasive School

Editorial Essay High Persuasive School Editorial Essay High Persuasive School Editorial Essay High Persuasive School: Cope with It with Our Help Editorial essay high persuasive school is rather difficult task to be completed without having professional assistance while writing; that is why if you have received a task to write editorial essay high persuasive school and you are puzzled with this task, we are waiting for you at our custom writing site to give you professional help. Editorial essay high persuasive school presupposes from you presenting your own ideas on the subject of your essay writing; rewriting someones thoughts is considered to be plagiarism and is strictly punished by professors. That is why all the thoughts you are going to present in your editorial essay high persuasive school should be unique ones. However, it is not enough only to share your opinion with the readers; in order to succeed in editorial essay high persuasive school writing, you have to persuade the readers that your point of view is relevant one. Solid arguments and evidence are those to help you in your editorial essay high persuasive school writing: Editorial Essay Needs Strong Arguments Sometimes it becomes rather difficult to present solid arguments in favor or against some thought, which will be able to convince the readers; that is the main problem students face while trying to cope with their editorial essay high persuasive school writing. If you are going to suffer from the same difficulties while trying to write your editorial essay high persuasive school, or if you are going to have some other problems with your writing, you are welcome to make use of our custom writing site, where you are going to receive professional consultation and immediate help with any problem you have. We offer a full range of servicing to our customers from creating captivating editorial essay high persuasive school and supporting with creative ideas to writing editorial essay high persuasive school for you or editing your own writings. Our team consists of highly qualified specialists with years of experience that is why all the works we deliver to our customers are brilliant writings, which are awarded A+ grades. Do You Need Help With Editorial Essays? That is why if you need help with editorial essay high persuasive school you are welcome to get it at our custom writing site and for rather a moderate price, which is also considered to be one of the advantages our servicing offers to our customers. It is really simple to get rid of problems with editorial essay high persuasive school writing with our help. Read also: Draft Essay Rough College Essay Editing Pay For Essay Need a Professional Essay Help Assignment

8 Hilarious Truck Signs Spotted On the Road

8 Hilarious Truck Signs Spotted On the Road 1. Straight and to the point!â€Å"Don’t Like Trucks? Stop Buying Shit. Problem Solved!†2. You better check yourself, before your car wreck yourself.â€Å"This Vehicle Makes Wide Ass Turns†3. Got Milk?â€Å"Keep Back 500 FT. We Aren’t Hauling Milk!†4. Bonus point  on being as smelly as a regular school bus!â€Å"Caution, Stool Bus†5. It’s always funny to give Kanye a bad rap.â€Å"Chicago’s Best Wrappers. Sorry Kanye†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 6. Really? I did not know that†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Packing Tape Should Not Be Used For Painful Practical Jokes.†7.  Time is still tough for truck driversâ€Å"Driver carries less than $50 cash and is fully naked†8. Mmmh, thanks for the heads up.â€Å"If you want to get past, you had better be fast, because I’ve got a truck, and I don’t give a **ck!† All images via  imgur.com

Smoking Cessation Esay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Smoking Cessation Esay - Essay Example In a population of 45 million adults in U.S. 21% are cigarette smokers (Gerhardt and Stuart, 2009). Major component of cigarette; nicotine is extremely addictive and it increases the level of dopamine in brain creating feelings of satisfaction and contentment. Cessation of smoking causes withdrawal symptoms. Smoking cessation ensures a better health quality of life by reducing the risks of coronary artery disease, stroke and COPD. According to Pignone and Salazar (2009), smoking cessation can increase life expectancy of up to 3 years in women smokers and 2 years in men. In other researches, the life expectancy of a non-smoker is 13-14 years higher than a smoker (Chandler and Rennard, 2010). Studies have confirmed that smoking cessation has inflicts immediate health benefits to the individual. Several interventions are successful in smoking cessation which includes counseling, pharmacotherapy or a combination of both. In this respect, the most important factor is client’s self chosen health goal to quit smoking and both pharmacotherapy and counseling prove to be useful for such patients, however, in patients with unwilling behavior to quit pharmacotherapy is ineffective. Medical counseling approach should emphasize on health and economic benefits of cessation, motivational interviews, patient education on disease risk factors, community/family support and relapse prevention. Pharmacological therapies consist of nicotine replacement therapy which includes nicotine patch, gums, lozenges, nasal sprays, inhalers etc. (Pignone and Salazar, 2009). All of these have shown to be equally effective in smoking cessation. In addition, anti-depressant therapy with drugs such as Bupropion, varenicline and Clonidine have been proven as effective smoking cessation agents. Several studies have suggested that a combination of these pharmacological therapies is quite effective i.e. nicotine gum with nicotine patch etc. (Chandler and Rennard, 2010). Non-pharmacological inter ventions include practices such as hypnosis, acupuncture, herbal supplement, support groups etc. Several studies have been conducted over the past few decades to relate smoking cessation and health promotion in individuals. Two of these are discussed below. Ellerbeck et al., (2009), studied the varying levels of disease management in randomized trials. The research divided the clients into three treatment groups i.e. pharmacotherapy alone (nicotine replacement and anti-depressant therapy i.e. bupropion), combined pharmacotherapy with moderate intensity disease management and high intensity disease management comprising of counseling and provider feedback on smokers with or without the desire to quit. For pharmacotherapy with moderate intensity disease management, 2 counseling calls were made in every 6 months whereas in high intensity disease management 6 counseling calls were made in 6 months. Results demonstrated that self reported abstinence rates were much better in moderate and high intensity disease management than in pharmacotherapy alone. 23.5% and 27.9% abstinence rates were reported respectively for these groups. This group (37-60% patients) reported to have discussed smoking cessation and its potential benefits with their physicians. Also, free

Market efficiency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market efficiency - Assignment Example Private market efficiency refers to the measure of access to information that market players can use to maximize their gains on investment at a minimum transaction cost (Jarrow & Larsson , 2011). Market efficiency widely known as the Efficient market Hypothesis (EMH) and introduced by Eugene Fama in 1970 stresses that market prices is a reflection of all the available information to the investors regarding a particular stock at a particular time of trading. According to Fama‘s interpretation of an efficient market is a situation were no individual investor has an advantage over others in predicting excess returns on securities above the existing market price (Jayasuriya, 2008). This claim is based on the premise that at any given time no one will have information over and above what is available to other players. The information necessary to make judgment is often readily available to all players at the time of trading and for this reason no individual player can beat the marke t. Valuation of investment is the main determinant of whether a market is efficient or not and where the inefficiencies are evident. An efficient market can be determined through market prices considering that it is only estimate for measuring deviation from true value (â€Å"Market Efficiency†, 2011). This is because an inefficient market will only be determined by market price deviation from the true value. Efficient market must be supported by a number of conditions most of which revolved around valuation and information availability for it to take place. The is means that information and market prices are integral components of market efficiencies consider that investors make investment strategies based on the information they have assuming that at a given time traded assets(s) are under or overvalued (Yang & Leatham, 1998). The market prices in an efficient market are often unbiased estimate of the asset’s true value and they are expected to shift randomly dependi ng on the behavior of the investors. Investors play a significant role in bringing efficiency in private markets considering their diverse reaction to available information. A number of conditions need to take place in the private market place in order for efficiency to be achieved. In other words, market efficiency does not happen automatically as certain forces drive it. The first condition is the existence of profit maximization investors (â€Å"Market Efficiency†, 2011). Investors will always try to take advantage of every opportunity that comes their way to make profits. This is often based on the perception of the investors that the market is inefficient and one can leverage on the inefficiencies to beat the market. In other words, the investors must recognize the potential for bigger returns, replicate their beat the market strategies and invest their resources repeatedly until the end of inefficiency (Lee, etal, 2009). The more the investors continue to actively parti cipate in trading activities the more likely they create market efficiency. For instance continuous sale and purchase of stocks will always have a double edged impact considering that market prices can be pushed above or below fair value at every point in time. This makes it very difficult a single or a group of investors to predict the existing undervalued stocks irrespective of the applied investment strategy. The timing and nature of the information available to the investors is also another important condition for achieving market efficiency. Information availability is an integral part of market efficiency considering that an efficient market is defined based on the kind of information that is reflected on the price and available to the investors. Take for instance a strong form efficiency which is exudes that under such a circumstance an investor with insider information will not be able to make excess gains over other because the market prices reflects all the information bot h private and public. It is noteworthy that market efficiency

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management INTRODUCTION In order to understand where international air transportation may be heading to long-term, the factors which have driven the growth in air travel in the past and what will those forces look like in the future? The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen gigantic change in the transport sectors of many countries, imposing much dislocation on both people and companies engaged in the provision of transport services. An airport is comprised of a huge variety of facilities, systems, users, workers, rules and regulations. Also, just as cities flourish on trade and commerce with other cities, airports are successful in part by their ability to lucratively be the location where passengers and cargo travel to and from other airports. Moreover, just as cities find their place as part of its countys, states, and countrys economy, airports, too must operate effectively as part of the nations system of airports. Many other economic sectors have faced the need for vast adaptation to new trends in the growth of the world economy. These challenges faced by airports are enormous. Airports query in forward way and are described in gathered information. OVERVIEW: An assessment of abundant air travel forecasting models indicates the key drivers as GDP and income growth. In a replica an economic recovery will produce a set of world economies which will look much the same as what we saw in 2007-2008, then knowing the expected values and influences of old variables is what is important. Closely linked to these factors are trade growth, Security, congestion in airport and airspace, automation, ground access, CNS/ATM, Environmental constraints and foreign direct investment. Airlines are turning to bigger and larger aircraft, financial constraints, increasing consumer interests are some of the irritants. Simulation of passenger flow in an airport terminal is also a major problem in an airport. There have been policy changes, including the increasing liberalization of international aviation agreements, the changing business models of carriers, the expansion of alliances and the growth in long haul aircraft fleets. Influences to be considered in assessing the future of international passenger air travel are those things events, policies and economic and political environment which are new. New forces will be at work in the future that will have an impact on international air travel. IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC IMPACT IN PRIVATIZATION AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AUTOMATION CARGO PROBLEMS AIR TRAFFIC CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION SAFETY NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT COMPACTING STRATEGIES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT This has been prepared against a backdrop of what is still an industry facing rapid change and continuing financial problems. We have also seen that in aviation it is a dangerous statement to say that, Things cant possibly get any worse. People were indeed saying this in 2003, when things did get worse with a rapid increase in the price of aviation fuel which has continued up to the present time. The industry has endured turbulent times before admittedly at a reduced scale compared with today and has come through them. The problem for traditional airlines will be that most of this traffic will be carried by the small number of giant global Integrators rather than by them. When coming to the property management airport shareholders and owners demands grow, non-aeronautical related income is becoming increasingly important for airports. The marketing environment of the airline industry will certainly remain volatile and difficult. The established trends towards deregulation and liberalization will continue, and, at least towards the end of a ten-year timescale, may encompass the long-overdue changes in ownership and control rules which will allow aviation to finally take its place amongst other global industries. Technology will also affect airlines. In the future, though the ability to build and maintain strong brands will be a necessary requirement for success. If it is, it will require marketing communication spending which is substantial, well-thought out and seen in a strategic, long-term way rather than as a tactical exercise which can be reduced or ditched as soon as times become difficult. This Airport module helps airports to manage their rental, lease, license and concession related interests. It provides the information you need to make important property related business decisions. An effective tool for quick resolution and management of airport activities. Simple tracking and escalation of tasks to the right people in the airport and Information is provided at the fingertips of the right people within the airport, enabling effective decision making in incident management also solves problem. AIRPORT PRIVATIZATION: Airports have been increasingly dependent on the private sector to provide services as a way to reduce costs and improve the quality and the range of services offered. Privatization refers to changing governmental functions and responsibilities, in complete or in part, to the private sector. Most services now performed at large commercial airports, such as airline ticketing, baggage handling, cleaning, retail concessions, and ground transportation, are provided by private firms. Even after privatization, the airports have remained subject to government regulation of airline access, airport charges to airlines, safety, security, and environmental protection. Privatization advocates believe that private firms would provide additional capital for development; privatized airports would be more profitable because the private sector would operate them more efficiently, and advocates believe that privatization would financially benefit all levels of government by reducing demand on public funds and increasing the tax base. However, the concepts that drive private enterprises toward competitive and efficient operations are becoming embraced by publicly owned and managed airports. As a result, more efficient executive structures and management responsibilities have resulted in more streamlined and efficient airport management organizational structures which can visualize solutions to future issues and problems and reach the goals. AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS: Almost all are owned and operated by state Governments or subdivisions of state governments such as cities, counties, or airport authorities. Unlike railroads, motor freight carriers, and bus lines, which must own, their terminals, the airlines do not own the airports. This has the advantage of holding down the capital investment necessary to operate, but the disadvantage that the airlines must cope with the policies, practices, And charges of hundreds of separate airport-operating entities. The airlines, which are properly merely tenants at the airport, thus become enmeshed in the financial problems of the airport. Another matter of concern to the airlines is airport capacity. Deregulation, stimulated a trend toward smaller aircraft which increased the number of flights needed to serve a given number of passengers. Deregulation has also tended to encourage hub-and-spoke operations, as mentioned earlier, where a carrier selects an airport as a hub and tries to time a number of inbound flights to feed traffic to an outbound flight. Aggravating these factors, the long-term growth of traffic continues. The airline tends to blame the government for the problem of congestion and delays at the busiest airports, alleging that the air traffic control system, which is operated by the FAA, has lagged in introducing the most modern technology, and that there has been insufficient funding for needed airport improvements. As these factors will be seen from the foregoing, airport economics and airline economics are closely intertwined. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. The problems are many and severe, but challenging. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Airplanes, a source of carbon dioxide emissions, are poised to become a major factor in global warming in the future, according to new predictions. These types of airport problem in which airlines are deeply involved come under the general heading of environmental interactions. An airport can cause noise, air, and water pollution, as well as automobile traffic congestion. Environmentalists will insist, with some logic, that the true costs of an airport should include the social costs of such pollution and congestion-that is, the losses to society in its quality of living. Noise problems due to aircraft operations are the most serious of the environmental charges against the airports and in many ways the hardest to resolve. In a few instances it has been possible to acquire huge tracts of land around the airport so that the aircraft flight paths are over airport property when they are at low levels. Proposals have been made to locate new airports at sea or, for Chicago and other lake ports, out in the lakes. So many large U.S. cities are located on the oceans or the Great Lakes that such projects are at least Conceivable for the next century, although they would present their own technological and environmental difficulties. The noise problem has also been tackled by finding ways to make aircraft engines quieter. AUTOMATION: Another important input that promotes the airport access is the automation. Advancement information communication technology (ICT) has eased much of the pressure from airport operations. As airport operations, you need to focus more on integrating the ICT applications to improve key functional departments and personnel within the airport to access critical airport information in support of resources management, engineering and maintenance, financial management, operations and all decision support activities. Managing an airports revenue stream can be a complex and difficult task. The Airport Billing Module is designed to vastly simplify the collation and billing of all your flight and non-flight related revenue. The system is completely flexible to your specific business requirements while maintaining billing integrity and ease of use. Its primary focus is on improved operational efficiency and charge flexibility makes it an affordable solution, minimizing your costs whilst maximizing your revenue options. Reporting is made simple with the ability to derive accurate financial, operational and executive Key Performance Indicators. Automation related incidents are common knowledge because of their increasing frequency of occurrence. Data- entry errors, monitoring failures, system workarounds and mode misapplication which fault rarely occur in isolation or without contributing factors. Some of the solutions for the issues are awareness, training, by standard operating procedure and crew coordination .in which mode awareness, situational awareness, system awareness, and increased heads-down time which are the conditions that may lead to unsafe conditions in advanced-technology air-craft. CARGO PROBLEMS: Certain problems in the air cargo field deserve special notice, such as inflation, multilateral cargo agreements, and the impact of trade agreements, fuel policy, hazardous cargo, and cargo alliances. These seem to be inherent in the air cargo business. Among these are directional imbalance, the absence of new dedicated freighter aircraft, airport noise regulations, and the dependence in many domestic markets on belly cargo and thus on schedules tailored to please passengers. Despite these chronic problems, air freight continues to grow, and small-package traffic continues to grow rapidly. AIR TRAFFIC: Most airports around the world today are facing a crisis due to an exponential increase in air traffic. The modeling software ARENA developed by Rockwell Automation is made use of in simulating the complete flow of passengers for typical mid-sized airport during the domestic arrival, departure, and also during international arrival and departure for a flight. Arena basically helps in streamlining and optimizing all the passenger related processes at the airport. It helps reducing passenger processing times, and the number of passengers who miss their flight due to lack of time. The four major controller classifications at control towers: Flight Data Controller, Clearance Delivery Controller Ground Controller and Local Controller which of these positions has specific duties. Not only airlines/airports contributions by way of passenger and freight activities, and the increasing number of aircraft movements are vital input to national economy. The need for change in the current CNS/ATM is due to two principal factors: Due to inherent limitations in the current system, it will not be able to cope-up with the growing demand of air traffic; and the need for global consistency in the providing air traffic services (ATS) while progressing towards a seamless CNS/ATM system. A Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) master plan is a plan for a needs-driven, economically justified, evolutionary system and modernization. The Plan must: (1) sustain systems necessary to maintain existing level of service; introduce new operational procedures, technologies, and mechanization concepts necessary to meet user and operator needs; and introduce appropriate program management structures for successful accomplishment of the Plan Required Total System Performance (RTSP) concept, Required Communication Performance (RCP) concept, Required Navigation Performance (RNP) concept, Required Surveillance Performance (RSP) Concept, Free Flight/Autonomous are new emerging concepts may prove as performance measurement gauge for CNS /ATM in order to avoid any sort of problems in the systems. When air traffic vs. GDP the air transportation industry is therefore, highly susceptible to economic cycles and fluctuations in fuel prices. Globally, the share of raw material moving between regions has declined, while the Share of cross-moments has increased. As we are facing many challenges in order to meet the world trade amounting in which 35% of international trade moves by air as per report in 2008 ,40%of trade over some 3.5 $ trillion in value. Air transport, therefore, drives economic and social progress. In most developing countries, the demand for freight and passenger traffic is growing faster than population and GDP growth rate. CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS: Capacity constraints include not only limited physical infrastructure like Runways and terminals but also administrative limitations like night curfews, noise emission budgets or noise release limits, which all restrict the overall level of air travel demand an airport is potentially able to serve. However, airport choice varies considerably when travelers are faced with capacity constraints, and thus depends on the gap between demand potential of an airport and the demand at capacity level. Thus it would seem appropriate to incorporate the impact of capacity constraints in a systematic and coherent way when planning studies on future airport choice. Due to impact of the capacity constraints on airport choice the expansion by Redistribution of demand among neighboring airports restricted growth of local demand Airport capacity expansion takes place. Whether airport capacity is expandable or not within a comparatively Short time horizon depends on several factors, including geographical, Political, ecological and economical variables. These factors differ from Airport to airport. There will be a need for the state to strike the right balance between intended commitments and airport infrastructure. As air services agreements with multiple description and gradual removal of capacity restriction have enabled increases in number of air carries and air services, thereby putting supplementary pressure on existing airport capacity and it would continue to challenge the air ports. AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION Congestion at airports effect air traffic in airports and strand passengers. The growing of congestion at international airport is a serious issue whose resolution is primarily a question of determination and is not a technical problem and the current situation is choking growth rates in the industry. As our inflexible India has been facing many issues in this congestion immediate action is required. Due to Increased airspace congestion, airport delays and noise are concerns. It has been suggested that a runaway should be built to ease congestion as well as to fend off competition in the airports and manage the runways in a proper way. The premise that some amount of congestion and delay is not inconsistent with efficient and within your means air transportation. Due to this airport congestion and fuel compel reasons, both Boeing and airbus aircraft manufactures companies are introducing new large aircrafts. SAFETY Safety has always been an integral part of an air carriers mission. One of the most significant issues facing airports in the early twenty-first century is that of airport security. Most users of commercial service airports are subjected to security infrastructure, policies, and procedures within the airport terminal area. By introducing some programs like BASIS program which is an excellent model of risk-management feedback. It was designed and developed by safety professionals to provide support in capturing, investigating, and analyzing safety data from incidents and accident. Global Safety Data Management, through its valuable sources of safety information (e.g. IOSA), IATA can: Break down silos in safety data Management and analysis and obtain a complete picture, determine prioritize safety concerns for the industry. And Develop solutions to address issues. At most commercial service airports, controlled access through doors that provide access to the AOA, secure areas, sterile areas, and other areas within the SIDA, as well as many employee-only restricted areas, is enforced by the use of control systems. These systems range from simple key locks to smart-access technologies, such as keypad entry systems requiring proper pass code. Sophisticated recognition verification technologies, including those that employ biometrics, are continuously being developed to enhance access control at airports. Various lighting systems , safeguards, fencing 10 to 20 feet inside the property line and barriers to preclude unauthorized access into the area, which may include Aircraft with unusual or unauthorized modifications can help in prospect. Further development of advanced biometric and information technologies, are expected to provide a contribution to enriching airport security, with the goal of proactively mitigating any future threats to the aviation system while preserving the efficiency of the system itself. Protecting against unknown future threats is an imperfect science, and as such, the future of airport security will always be an unknown entity. Concerns for the safe, secure, and efficient travel of passengers and cargo domestically and internationally will always be a top priority for the civil aviation system, and it can be assured that efforts to make the system as secure as possible will continue to be held in top priority, by all levels of government. NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT (NLA) Numerous key design and operational characteristics of proposed NLA which should need to be taken into contemplation before such aircraft are introduced into the current airport environment. It is anticipated that the development of NLA will continue in the future, bringing newer, larger transport aircraft. We face impact on airport design i.e. on air side and land side which may fall in to many issues in the airport. In an air side it might involve current landside design concepts. With their larger passenger capacity, NLA will affect numerous landside issues such as baggage handling, ticket counters, passenger lounges and cueing areas, parking, terminal design, airport capacity, gate compatibility, and various other items. Airports and their surrounding communities are expressing concerns about how the operations of NLA are going to affect the environment. Aircraft manufacturers are well aware of these concerns and are designing NLA to be compatible with todays noise and emission restrictions. Involving a NLA include the effects of jet blast, turning radius, and bypass taxiing capabilities and NLA should not obstruct other passing aircraft or cause delays in traffic flow. Specific elements of airport planning and design that may be affected by these changes in aircraft characteristics have been identified to assist airport planners and the FAA in preparing for the NLAs arrival which includes signs and marketings in the prospect. CONCLUSION: The problems are many and severe, but challenging. These studies have also investigated how such taxes or trading schemes may impact the structure of the networks and perhaps the industry itself. The future is unlikely to see greater stability in airline pricing structures. Other new forces will be technology, such as improved engine fuel economy, bio-fuels, improved air traffic control, country specific taxes, industry consolidation, and the influence all of these would have on fares and service as well as network reach and design. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. All in all, the future will be an exciting and challenging one. It must continue to retain the courage of its convictions and pursue liberalization of international aviation market. Working in the airline industry will be stressful dealing with an accelerating pace of change always is but it will provide tremendous opportunities for those privileged to make their living from this still dynamic and fascinating industry.

Computerized Enrollment System Essay

INTRODUCTION As the generation change past, technology innovation is also past changing mostly the computers. Computer benefits such as the way of using certain application for office or project works, for record keeping purpose or even communication. Moreover, computer performs various tasks accurately, quickly and efficiently. This is very user friendly that caters all the banking transportation and even in a smallest business for record keeping intention. This is the essence of modernized technology. Computing technology has an impact on almost every aspect of daily life. Computer applicants abound in art, business, entertainment, essence, engineering and medicine. In addition, the discovery of the computer was great function of modernity for difference to make work easier, more capable and more adaptable of humanity. It has brought a new level of knowledge that became the new standard in the industry. It made the school more efficient for students and provided path to communicate to entire ea rth. Nowadays, computer base system is commonly used by company and institution and one of this is COMPUTERIZED ENROLLMENT SYSTEM is the must have system in school. It is convenient way storing and retrieving information of a student that provide more easy way of enrolling. One of the schools that badly needed this computerized enrollment system is MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE (MPC) that located at #3 Mayor Chanyungco Street, Sta. Elena, Marikina City. At this computer age, they are still practicing the manual procedure of enrolling students which is resulted to a very time consuming and keeping records of students that is not safe and hard to find when need it, lost of data will probably the huge effect. This COMPUTERIZED ENROLLMENT SYSTEM (CES) is proposing in exchange to the existing system in Marikina Polytechnic College. This proposed system will cut down the cost during enrollment and reduce much effort. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to fulfill a better system that will serve as a more reliable tool in registering and enrolling students in an institute. The study is to show the advantages and disadvantages that arise in the computerized enrollment system. The study is to show the innovation of registration and enrollment system from traditional to high-technology. The study also serves the purpose of revealing the mechanics of the said system. The user interface provides ease through its organized interface and functionality. The administrating side provides efficiency in keeping and gathering work. The system will have two parts. The user account and the administrator account. In the user account, user was logged in as guests. They may register and enroll through filling up the available computerized forms. The administrators may interface with the data in every way possible. Scope The computerized enrollment system covers the major process in MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE namely; registration of the current and incoming student class scheduling sectioning and report needed. Since one of the specific objectives of the system is to secure the data being inputted to the database, the system would allow two user accounts which are the faculty and the registrar. Faculty user account would only access some features of the developed system. On the other hand, registrar can access every features of the system. Enrollment System is a good example of a computer generated process. This can lessen the workload and provides accurate information needed of the school. As a result, it will benefit not only the student but the administration as a whole. Limitation The computerized enrollment system does not include the payment of tuition fees, account/payment processing and it cannot determine if the student was already paid his/her payment or not. The cashier will be the one who will print the summary of student with unpaid accounts and sent them to the respective department chairman.

What Is the Indirect Utility Function

A consumers indirect utility function is a function of prices of goods and the consumers income or budget. The function is typically denoted as v(p, m) where p is a vector of prices for goods, and m is a budget presented in the same units as the prices. The indirect utility function takes the value of the maximum utility that can be achieved by spending the budget m on the consumption goods with prices p. This function is termed indirect because consumers generally consider their preferences in terms of what they consume rather than price (as is used in the function). Some versions of the indirect utility function substitute w  for  m  where  w  is considered income rather than budget such that  v(p,w).   Indirect Utility Function and Microeconomics The indirect  utility  function is of particular importance in microeconomic theory as it adds value to the continual development of consumer choice theory and applied microeconomic theory. Related to the indirect utility function is the expenditure function, which provides the minimum amount of money or income an individual must spend to achieve some pre-defined level of utility. In microeconomics, a consumers indirect utility function illustrates both the consumers preferences and prevailing market conditions and the economic environment.   Indirect Utility Function and UMP The indirect utility function is closely related to the utility maximization problem (UMP). In  microeconomics, the UMP is an optimal decision problem that refers to the problem consumers face with regards to how to spend money in order to maximize utility. The indirect utility function is the value function, or the best possible value of the objective, of the utility maximization problem:   v(p, m) max u(x) s.t. p  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  x  Ã¢â€° ¤Ã‚  m Properties of the Indirect Utility Function It is important to note that in the utility maximization  problem consumers are assumed to be rational and locally non-satiated with convex preferences that maximize utility. As a result of the functions relationship with the UMP, this assumption applies to the indirect utility function as well. Another important property of the indirect utility function is that it is degree-zero homogeneous function, meaning that if prices (p) and income (m) are both multiplied by the same constant the optimal does not change (it has no impact). It is also assumed that all income is spent and the function adheres to the law of demand, which is reflected in increasing income m  and decreasing price  p. Last, but not least, the indirect utility function is also quasi-convex in price.

Northern Mockingbird Facts (Mimus polyglottos)

The northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common sight in the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean. The birds common and scientific names refer to its mimicking ability. The scientific name means many-tongued mimic. Fast Facts: Northern Mockingbird Scientific Name: Mimus polyglottosCommon Name: Northern mockingbirdBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 8-11 inchesWeight: 1.4-2.0 ouncesLifespan: 8 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: North and Central America; Caribbean IslandsPopulation: StableConservation Status: Least Concern Description Mockingbirds are medium-sized birds with long legs and black bills. They measure between 8.1 and 11.0 inches long, including a tail that is nearly as long as the body, and weigh between 1.4 and 2.0 ounces. Sexes look alike, but males tend to be slightly bigger than females. Northern mockingbirds have gray upper feathers, white or pale gray underparts, and white-patched wings. Adults have golden eyes. Juveniles are gray with streaks on their backs, spots or streaks on their chests, and gray eyes. Habitat and Distribution The northern mockingbirds breeding range potentially extends coast to coast at the U.S.-Canadian border. The bird is a year-round resident further south in North America, Central America, and Caribbean. Birds that live in the northern portion of the year-round range often move further south when the weather turns cold. The mockingbird was introduced to Hawaii in the 1920s and has been observed in southeastern Alaska. The northern mockingbird lives from the central United States through Central America. Ken Thomas / public domain Diet Mockingbirds are omnivores. The birds feed on earthworms, arthropods, seeds, berries, fruit, and occasionally small vertebrates. The northern mockingbird drinks water from river edges, puddles, dew, or freshly pruned trees. Behavior Northern mockingbirds display a distinctive behavior when foraging. They walk on the ground or fly to food and then often spread their wings to display the white patches. Proposed reasons for the behavior are to intimidate prey or predators. Mockingbirds aggressively chase pets and human intruders they perceive as threats to their territory, particularly when nesting. Northern mockingbirds sing all day, into the night, and when there is a full moon. Females sing, but more quietly than males. Males imitate other animals and inanimate objects and may learn 200 songs during their lives. Mockingbirds are highly intelligent and can identify individual humans and animals. Reproduction and Offspring Mockingbirds may live all year in a single territory or they may establish separate breeding and wintering territories. Usually, the birds mate for life. The breeding season occurs in the spring and early summer. Males attract mates by pursuing females, running around their territories, singing, and flying to display their wings. The female lays between two and four broods a year, each averaging four pale blue or green blotched eggs. The female incubates the eggs until they hatch, which takes about 11 to 14 days. The male defends the nest during incubation. The hatchlings are altricial, meaning they are completely dependent on their parents at birth. Their eyes open within the first six days of life and they start leaving the nest within 11 to 13 days. Both males and females are sexually mature at one year of age. Adults typically live around 8 year, but one bird in Texas was known to live 14 years, 10 months. Northern mockingbird eggs are light blue or green with blotches. Ian Gwinn / Getty Images Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the northern mockingbirds conservation as least concern. The species population has been stable for the last 40 years. Threats Expansion of the mockingbirds range is limited by winter storms and dry weather. The birds have many predators. In addition to natural predators, cats often prey upon eggs and nestlings. Northern Mockingbirds and Humans The northern mockingbird is the state bird of Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Mockingbirds readily raid gardens. They will attack humans and pets they perceive as threats. Sources BirdLife International 2017. Mimus polyglottos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22711026A111233524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22711026A111233524.enLevey, D.J.; Londoà ±o, G. A.; et al. Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify individual humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22. 106 (22): 8959–8962, 2009. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811422106Logan, C.A. Reproductively dependent song cyclicity in mated male mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Auk. 100: 404–413, 1983.  Mobley, Jason A. Birds of the World. Marshall Cavendish. 2009. ISBN 978-0-7614-7775-4.Schrand, B.E.; Stobart, C.C.; Engle, D.B.; Desjardins, R.B.; Farnsworth, G.L. Nestling Sex Ratios in Two Populations of Northern Mockingbirds. Southeastern Naturalist. 2. 10 (2): 365–370, 2011. doi:10.1656/058.010.0215